{"id":272,"date":"2011-04-09T21:17:38","date_gmt":"2011-04-09T21:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/?p=272"},"modified":"2011-05-02T20:54:53","modified_gmt":"2011-05-02T20:54:53","slug":"hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/","title":{"rendered":"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity"},"content":{"rendered":"

A recent article offers a systematic review of the literature concerning the influence of clinical characteristics (e.g. pregnancy or STI history) on female genital tract immunity to HIV. This review places itself against the background of an increasing shift in HIV research from systemic considerations relating to transmission of the infection – \u201cthe blood compartment\u201d – to considerations to do with the female genital tract – \u201cthe genital compartment\u201d. The current interest in microbicide products for vaginal use is an example. A difficulty encountered by research in this area is the way genital mucosal immunity can be expected to vary in response to a number of clinical characteristics \u2013 some of which relate to the patient, and others to the state of development of the HIV virus, where the patient is HIV infected. Failure to take proper account of this variation could, according to the authors, lead in certain cases to erroneous interpretation of results.
\n\tPatient clinical characteristics likely to impact on female genital immunity reviewed in this paper include: phase of menstrual cycle and menopause; pregnancy; methods of contraception, especially hormonal and combination hormonal; race; STI history. Impact of pregnancy has been shown to be important (incident rate ratio: 2.16%). Evidence on the impact of the menstrual cycle is inconclusive, though hormonal regulation causes many immunologic changes. Much the same can be said of the impact of hormonal contraception, which is an area which appears to be in particular need of further investigation. The importance of STI history is well established, though not all STI receive the same attention. Clinical characteristics deriving from HIV disease state include: marked viremia in new infections; the impact of prior HIV infection on acquisition of multiple strains; the mode of HIV infection (i.e. whether via genital tract of IVD use); the degree of penetration of ARV drugs into the lower genital tract. It emerges in the course of this review that some of these clinical parameters are understudied (e.g. hormonal contraceptives), or scarcely studied at all (e.g. menopause; combination hormonal contraceptives).
\n\tThe main content of the article concerns clinical characteristics. This is preceded, however, by comments on the potential importance of sampling techniques and the assessment of mucosal immune responses, for which the authors refer the reader to Jespers V. Harandi et al., \u201cAssessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1\u201d. The authors urge the importance of developing standard operating procedures in this area.<\/p>\n

Brenna L. Anderson, Susan Cu-Uvin, \u201cClinical Parameters Essential to Methodology and Interpretation of Mucosal Responses\u201d, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, March 2011
\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A recent article offers a systematic review of the literature concerning the influence of clinical characteristics (e.g. pregnancy or STI history) on female genital tract immunity to HIV. This review places itself against the background of an increasing shift in HIV research from systemic considerations relating to transmission of the infection – \u201cthe blood compartment\u201d […]<\/p>\n

Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2208],"class_list":["post-272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-hiv-vulnerability"],"yoast_head":"\nHIV infection and female genital tract immunity - Sexually Transmitted Infections<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity - Sexually Transmitted Infections\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A recent article offers a systematic review of the literature concerning the influence of clinical characteristics (e.g. pregnancy or STI history) on female genital tract immunity to HIV. This review places itself against the background of an increasing shift in HIV research from systemic considerations relating to transmission of the infection – \u201cthe blood compartment\u201d [...]Read More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-04-09T21:17:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2011-05-02T20:54:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-04-09T21:17:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-05-02T20:54:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":429,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"HIV vulnerability\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/\",\"name\":\"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity - Sexually Transmitted Infections\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-04-09T21:17:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-05-02T20:54:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/09\\\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\",\"description\":\"Discussion and suggestion space for readers of STIs\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/blog-logo-sti.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/blog-logo-sti.png\",\"width\":378,\"height\":34,\"caption\":\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/author\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity - Sexually Transmitted Infections","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity - Sexually Transmitted Infections","og_description":"A recent article offers a systematic review of the literature concerning the influence of clinical characteristics (e.g. pregnancy or STI history) on female genital tract immunity to HIV. This review places itself against the background of an increasing shift in HIV research from systemic considerations relating to transmission of the infection – \u201cthe blood compartment\u201d [...]Read More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/","og_site_name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","article_published_time":"2011-04-09T21:17:38+00:00","article_modified_time":"2011-05-02T20:54:53+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/"},"author":{"name":"","@id":""},"headline":"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity","datePublished":"2011-04-09T21:17:38+00:00","dateModified":"2011-05-02T20:54:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/"},"wordCount":429,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#organization"},"keywords":["HIV vulnerability"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/","name":"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity - Sexually Transmitted Infections","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-04-09T21:17:38+00:00","dateModified":"2011-05-02T20:54:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2011\/04\/09\/hiv-infection-and-female-genital-tract-immunity\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"HIV infection and female genital tract immunity"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/","name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","description":"Discussion and suggestion space for readers of STIs","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#organization","name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/files\/2017\/10\/blog-logo-sti.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/files\/2017\/10\/blog-logo-sti.png","width":378,"height":34,"caption":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/author\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/152"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=272"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}