{"id":1289,"date":"2017-05-31T15:29:51","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T14:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/?p=1289"},"modified":"2017-05-31T15:29:51","modified_gmt":"2017-05-31T14:29:51","slug":"sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sexually transmitted infections emerge from a recent epidemiological study as a particularly pressing concern for Chinese public health at the present time. \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28412150\">Yang &amp; Li<\/a> (Y&amp;L) assess trends in incidence and mortality in 45 notifiable infectious diseases across China over the decade since the SARS tragedy in 2003 brought important changes in Chinese public health strategies (2003-2013). The main interest of the authors is to investigate the effectiveness of the new strategies.\u00a0 But, for readers of this journal, what will be especially interesting about this study is the unique profile of three sexually transmitted \u2013 or potentially sexually transmitted \u2013 diseases: syphilis, HCV and HIV.<\/p>\n<p>In terms of current incidence these three occupy 6<sup>th<\/sup>, 8<sup>th<\/sup>, and 15<sup>th<\/sup> place among the 45, with yearly incidence per 100,000 of, respectively, <strong>20.75<\/strong>, <strong>9.33<\/strong>, and <strong>3.11<\/strong>.\u00a0 In respect to mortality, HIV far outstrips all the others (even TB), with 48,199 deaths over the ten year period.\u00a0 However, syphilis, HCV and HIV differ from other high-incidence diseases \u2013 hepatitis B, TB, mumps and bacterial dysentery (respectively, 2<sup>nd<\/sup> to 5<sup>th<\/sup> in the incidence table) \u2013 in that their year-on-year incidence is increasing, and at an impressive rate (estimated at a yearly <strong>16.3%<\/strong>, <strong>19.2%<\/strong> and <strong>16.3%<\/strong> averaged over the decade).\u00a0 These increases are unparalled except in the case of hand, foot and mouth.\u00a0 The trend in STI incidence emerges particularly strongly against the background of overall trends in the other notifiable diseases. These have, on the whole, been towards stabilization in the latter half of the decade (2009-2013), following an earlier rise likely due in part to technological progress in laboratory detection and case identification (2003-2009).<\/p>\n<p>This raises the questions whether, in the case of STIs, there are particular social factors at work.<\/p>\n<p>For the authors of the study, syphilis, HCV and HIV fall into the category of those diseases whose recent spread can be attributed to the enormous demographic upheavals that have brought over 10% of the population from poor rural areas to the big urban centres in search of economic opportunities, and to \u2018augmented human connectivity\u2019. \u00a0As regards population mobility, the opinion of Y&amp;L is corroborated by <a href=\"http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/content\/92\/4\/316\">Chen &amp; Tucker (STIs)<\/a>, and \u2013 in the case of MSM populations \u2013 by <a href=\"http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2016\/10\/18\/sextrans-2016-052744\">Yu &amp; Shang (STIs)<\/a>.\u00a0 Interestingly, Y&amp;S identify a class of \u2018recent migrants\u2019 to the big cities, whose risk profile appears to differ very considerably from that of longer-term residents. Young FSM \u2013 many of them also recent migrants to urban centres \u2013 appear to represent another high-risk group (<a href=\"http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/content\/89\/3\/237\">Zhang &amp; Luchters (STIs)<\/a>).\u00a0 As for the related factor of \u2018augmented human connectivity\u2019, this has also been strongly corroborated\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/content\/92\/7\/508\">Tang &amp; Tucker (STIs)<\/a>).\u00a0 Other studies, however, have traced regional outbreaks in these infections \u2013 syphilis, HCV and HIV \u2013 to causes that are less obviously linked to recent demographic change.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/content\/90\/3\/230\">Zhang &amp; Tang (STIs)<\/a>, for example, emphasize the part played in Guangxi by female sex workers who are patronized by older rural workers.\u00a0 Epidemiological factors, especially over such a vast area, will obviously be complex and multifactorial.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sexually transmitted infections emerge from a recent epidemiological study as a particularly pressing concern for Chinese public health at the present time. \u00a0Yang &amp; Li (Y&amp;L) assess trends in incidence and mortality in 45 notifiable infectious diseases across China over the decade since the SARS tragedy in 2003 brought important changes in Chinese public health [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,3901,2274,2381],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-epidemiology","category-hepatitis-c","category-hiv-epidemiology","category-syphilis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China - Sexually Transmitted Infections<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China - Sexually Transmitted Infections\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sexually transmitted infections emerge from a recent epidemiological study as a particularly pressing concern for Chinese public health at the present time. \u00a0Yang &amp; Li (Y&amp;L) assess trends in incidence and mortality in 45 notifiable infectious diseases across China over the decade since the SARS tragedy in 2003 brought important changes in Chinese public health [...]Read More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-05-31T14:29:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-05-31T14:29:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":499,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Epidemiology\",\"Hepatitis C\",\"HIV Epidemiology\",\"Syphilis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China - Sexually Transmitted Infections\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-05-31T14:29:51+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/31\\\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\",\"description\":\"Discussion and suggestion space for readers of STIs\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/blog-logo-sti.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/blog-logo-sti.png\",\"width\":378,\"height\":34,\"caption\":\"Sexually Transmitted Infections\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/sti\\\/author\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China - Sexually Transmitted Infections","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China - Sexually Transmitted Infections","og_description":"Sexually transmitted infections emerge from a recent epidemiological study as a particularly pressing concern for Chinese public health at the present time. \u00a0Yang &amp; Li (Y&amp;L) assess trends in incidence and mortality in 45 notifiable infectious diseases across China over the decade since the SARS tragedy in 2003 brought important changes in Chinese public health [...]Read More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/","og_site_name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","article_published_time":"2017-05-31T14:29:51+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/"},"author":{"name":"","@id":""},"headline":"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China","datePublished":"2017-05-31T14:29:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/"},"wordCount":499,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Epidemiology","Hepatitis C","HIV Epidemiology","Syphilis"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/","name":"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China - Sexually Transmitted Infections","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#website"},"datePublished":"2017-05-31T14:29:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/2017\/05\/31\/sexually-transmitted-infections-are-amongst-the-fastest-spreading-high-incidence-notifiable-diseases-in-china\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sexually transmitted infections are amongst the fastest spreading high-incidence notifiable diseases in China"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/","name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","description":"Discussion and suggestion space for readers of STIs","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#organization","name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/files\/2017\/10\/blog-logo-sti.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/files\/2017\/10\/blog-logo-sti.png","width":378,"height":34,"caption":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/author\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/152"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1289\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/sti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}