{"id":3936,"date":"2024-07-02T10:00:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T09:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/?p=3936"},"modified":"2024-06-21T09:51:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T08:51:02","slug":"the-highest-in-each-class-was-a-twilight-baby-scientific-motherhood-twilight-sleep-and-the-eugenics-movement-in-mcclures-magazine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2024\/07\/02\/the-highest-in-each-class-was-a-twilight-baby-scientific-motherhood-twilight-sleep-and-the-eugenics-movement-in-mcclures-magazine\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cThe Highest in Each Class was a Twilight Baby\u201d: Scientific Motherhood, Twilight Sleep and the Eugenics Movement in McClure\u2019s Magazine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Article Summary by Jerika Sanderson and Heather A. Love<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This article investigates the depiction of twilight sleep in <em>McClure\u2019s Magazine<\/em>. Twilight sleep was a drug cocktail and medical procedure popularized during the mid-1910s in the United States as a way to reduce or eliminate women\u2019s pain during childbirth; it became an important symbol of agency among women who advocated for access despite American doctors\u2019 hesitancy. In the 1910s and 1920s, <em>McClure\u2019s Magazine<\/em> published several stories that featured the experiences of women who had given birth under twilight sleep themselves. In this article, we investigate how <em>McClure\u2019s <\/em>writers drew on the textual and visual rhetoric of the eugenics movement to encourage white, middle- and upper-class American women to give birth to more (and \u201chealthier\u201d) children by using twilight sleep. Across <em>McClure\u2019s <\/em>articles, women who use twilight sleep are glamourized as \u201cscientific mothers\u201d who mobilize the latest medical and scientific information to achieve positive labor experiences. To emphasize these arguments, the articles incorporate photographs of smiling mothers and twilight sleep babies to visually reinforce twilight sleep\u2019s association with positive mental and physical health outcomes. Importantly, <em>McClure\u2019s<\/em> articles connected twilight sleep with success in Better Babies competitions\u2014eugenics-based events that assessed the health and development of babies. As this analysis demonstrates, proponents of twilight sleep engaged in the same rhetorical strategies as the concurrent eugenics movement, cultivating a broader cultural narrative of women\u2019s empowerment as a strategy to elicit public support for the procedure.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3937\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3937\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3937\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER1.jpg\" alt=\"A photograph showing four cousins who were all born with Twilight Sleep, which appeared in Edna Purdy Walsh\u2019s May 1923 McClure\u2019s article \u201cTwilight Sleep and the Baby: A Ten Years\u2019 Record of Happy Mothers and Healthy Children.\u201d Source: Internet Archive: https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sim_new-mcclures-magazine_1923-05_55_3\/page\/96\/mode\/2up.\" width=\"430\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER1.jpg 430w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER1-300x234.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3937\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A <a href=\"http:\/\/Internet Archive: https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sim_new-mcclures-magazine_1923-05_55_3\/page\/96\/mode\/2up\"><strong>photograph<\/strong><\/a> showing four cousins who were all born with Twilight Sleep, which appeared in Edna Purdy Walsh\u2019s May 1923 <em>McClure\u2019s<\/em> article \u201cTwilight Sleep and the Baby: A Ten Years\u2019 Record of Happy Mothers and Healthy Children.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Read the full article on <a href=\"https:\/\/mh.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2024\/05\/17\/medhum-2023-012859\"><strong>the <em>Medical Humanities <\/em>journal website<\/strong><\/a>.<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3938 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of Jerika Sanderson \" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-640x853.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>Jerika Sanderson (she\/her) is a PhD candidate in English at the University of Waterloo. Her research is supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, and investigates 21st-century biotechnologies across the media, literature, and popular culture. She has worked on several interdisciplinary projects, including as a research assistant for a project investigating how 20th-century obstetric developments were communicated in magazines and medical texts.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3941 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of Heather A. Love\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3-1151x1536.jpg 1151w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3-1535x2048.jpg 1535w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3-640x854.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/files\/2024\/06\/SANDER3.jpg 1581w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>Heather A. Love (she\/her) is Assistant Professor of English at the University of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada), where her research and teaching focus on topics related to early twentieth-century literature and culture, technology and health, and STEM communication. She is author of <\/em>Cybernetic Aesthetics: Modernist Networks of Information and Data<em> (2023, Cambridge University Press), and PI for a Social Sciences and Humanities Council of Canada-funded project titled \u201cTechno-Mediated Maternity.\u201d Her work has appeared in <\/em>Modernism\/modernity<em>, the <\/em>Journal of Modern Literature<em>, <\/em>Feminist Modernist Studies<em>, <\/em>New Literary History<em>, and the <\/em>IEEE Technology and Society Magazine<em>.<\/em><!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article Summary by Jerika Sanderson and Heather A. Love This article investigates the depiction of twilight sleep in McClure\u2019s Magazine. Twilight sleep was a drug cocktail and medical procedure popularized during the mid-1910s in the United States as a way to reduce or eliminate women\u2019s pain during childbirth; it became an important symbol of agency [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2024\/07\/02\/the-highest-in-each-class-was-a-twilight-baby-scientific-motherhood-twilight-sleep-and-the-eugenics-movement-in-mcclures-magazine\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15028],"tags":[15068],"class_list":["post-3936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-announcements","tag-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cThe Highest in Each Class was a Twilight Baby\u201d: Scientific Motherhood, Twilight Sleep and the Eugenics Movement in McClure\u2019s Magazine - Medical Humanities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jerika Sanderson and Heather A. Love discuss how Twilight Sleep was framed in McClure&#039;s Magazine.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/?p=3936\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cThe Highest in Each Class was a Twilight Baby\u201d: Scientific Motherhood, Twilight Sleep and the Eugenics Movement in McClure\u2019s Magazine - Medical Humanities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jerika Sanderson and Heather A. 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Love discuss how Twilight Sleep was framed in McClure's Magazine.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/?p=3936#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/?p=3936\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/?p=3936#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/files\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/SANDER1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/files\\\/2024\\\/06\\\/SANDER1.jpg\",\"width\":430,\"height\":335,\"caption\":\"A photograph showing four cousins who were all born with Twilight Sleep, which appeared in Edna Purdy Walsh\u2019s May 1923 McClure\u2019s article \u201cTwilight Sleep and the Baby: A Ten Years\u2019 Record of Happy Mothers and Healthy Children.\u201d Source: Internet Archive: https:\\\/\\\/archive.org\\\/details\\\/sim_new-mcclures-magazine_1923-05_55_3\\\/page\\\/96\\\/mode\\\/2up.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/?p=3936#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u201cThe Highest in Each Class was a Twilight Baby\u201d: Scientific Motherhood, Twilight Sleep and the Eugenics Movement in McClure\u2019s Magazine\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/\",\"name\":\"Medical Humanities\",\"description\":\"Providing a space for scholarly intervention into the conversation around medicine, as practice and philosophy, as it engages with humanities and arts.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Medical Humanities\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/blog-logo-mh.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/blog-logo-mh.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":34,\"caption\":\"Medical Humanities\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0e11c1a9a0f1f9f2aa898a719652c44c\",\"name\":\"Chris Pak\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d8e2081fcdeea32c307cbbb99bfceffaf5bd08d12c3d5e1b155798facd9674a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d8e2081fcdeea32c307cbbb99bfceffaf5bd08d12c3d5e1b155798facd9674a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d8e2081fcdeea32c307cbbb99bfceffaf5bd08d12c3d5e1b155798facd9674a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Chris Pak\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/blog-team\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-humanities\\\/author\\\/chrispak\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u201cThe Highest in Each Class was a Twilight Baby\u201d: Scientific Motherhood, Twilight Sleep and the Eugenics Movement in McClure\u2019s Magazine - Medical Humanities","description":"Jerika Sanderson and Heather A. 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