{"id":3160,"date":"2021-09-16T10:00:56","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T09:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/?p=3160"},"modified":"2021-09-20T09:12:01","modified_gmt":"2021-09-20T08:12:01","slug":"breaking-free-from-the-cage-of-modern-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2021\/09\/16\/breaking-free-from-the-cage-of-modern-society\/","title":{"rendered":"Breaking Free from the Cage of Modern Society"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Film Review by Dr Franco Ferrarini, Gastroenterologist and Film Reviewer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cNomadland\u201d<\/em> (Chlo\u00e9 Zhao, USA, 2020) winner of the Oscar for best film, best director (Chlo\u00e9 Zhao) and best actress in a leading role (Frances McDormand) in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of <em>\u2018Nomadland\u2019 <\/em>we meet Fern (Frances McDormand), a middle-aged, middle-class woman, in what is probably the most difficult time of her life: her husband recently died, she has no children and the mining company where she worked in Empire, Nevada, has shut down turning her village into a ghost-town. But Fern is a resilient woman, she takes up a short-term job at Amazon to save money to help her travel across the western USA, sleeping in a truck which becomes her new dwelling. Paradoxically, by travelling as a nomad, Fern takes control of her life; she affirms that by saying \u201cNo, I\u2019m not homeless, I\u2019m just houseless\u201d. During her wandering Fern meets several characters who share her new way of life, all driven by an emotional trauma or because they could no longer live with the sole purpose of avidly making money to then compulsively buy unnecessary goods. Some of Fern\u2019s wandering comrades, like her, had been disenfranchised because they had become useless to the marketplace, the God of our times. When these nomads need money, they find a short-term job with a minimum wage to enable them to survive. Bob Wells (as himself), a guru of the nomads, explains his fellowmen stance and their decision to get it over with \u201cthe yoke of the tyranny of the dollar\u201d by building their own community with the key purpose of living connected to nature and helping each other without a hidden agenda.<\/p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n       .errordiv { padding:10px; margin:10px; border: 1px solid #555555;color: #000000;background-color: #f8f8f8; width:500px; }#advanced_iframe {visibility:visible;opacity:1;}#ai-layer-div-advanced_iframe p {height:100%;margin:0;padding:0}<\/style><script type=\"text\/javascript\">  var ai_iframe_width_advanced_iframe = 0;  var ai_iframe_height_advanced_iframe = 0;var aiIsIe8=false;var aiOnloadScrollTop=\"true\";\r\nif (typeof aiReadyCallbacks === 'undefined') {\r\n    var aiReadyCallbacks = [];  \r\n} else if (!(aiReadyCallbacks instanceof Array)) {\r\n    var aiReadyCallbacks = [];\r\n}    function aiShowIframeId(id_iframe) { jQuery(\"#\"+id_iframe).css(\"visibility\", \"visible\");    }    function aiResizeIframeHeight(height) { aiResizeIframeHeight(height,advanced_iframe); }    function aiResizeIframeHeightId(height,width,id) {aiResizeIframeHeightById(id,height);}<\/script><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"advanced_iframe\"  name=\"advanced_iframe\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6sxCFZ8_d84\"  width=\"560\"  height=\"315\"  frameborder=\"0\"  border=\"0\"  allowtransparency=\"true\"  allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\"  style=\";width:560;height:315;\" ><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var ifrm_advanced_iframe = document.getElementById(\"advanced_iframe\");var hiddenTabsDoneadvanced_iframe = false;\r\nfunction resizeCallbackadvanced_iframe() {}function aiChangeUrl(loc) {}<\/script>\n<p>This film can be analyzed from both a sociological and a psychological viewpoint.<\/p>\n<p>As regards the former, the radical difference between Society and Community was well known since the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, thanks to the seminal work of Ferdinand T\u00f6nnies,<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> founder of the German school of Sociology. In his view Society (Gesellschaft) is driven by the laws of utilitarianism: a component must be put aside and forgotten if she\/he is no more useful to Society\u2019s ends. In contrast a Community (Gemeinschaft) is a place where its components are connected to each other not by their productive capacity but by common feelings, habits, and traditions. T\u00f6nnies defined these connections as the \u2018warm laws\u2019 of the heart bringing a Community together in contradistinction to the cold laws governing Society. The \u2018Community vs Society\u2019 model explains the motivations that led the modern-day nomads portrayed in the film, disgusted by the lack of a meaningful connection with others and with Nature, to abandon the inhuman rules of occidental societal life and to form a community.<\/p>\n<p>The psychological viewpoint of the film\u2019s argument can be seen in Fern and Bryce (as himself), a veteran of the Vietnam war who suffers from PTSD. Both endured severe psychological stressors, forcing them initially to abandon traditional social interactions. Their withdrawal from society can be understood by reflecting on Hans Selye\u2019s classical theory of the \u201cfight-or-flight\u201d response to stress.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Later on, however, Fern and Bryce adopt a different response to stress, willingly joining the community of the nomads. This behavioural change, which consists of a heightened altruism and prosocial behaviour, aptly named \u201ctend-and-befriend\u201d response,<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> is often observed as a response to stress and trauma.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> It is difficult to predict who will adopt this \u201ctend-and-befriend\u201d response and why; it is hypothesized that pre-existing social behaviour and connections may play a significant role in shaping the relationship between genetic, educational, and social factors, all of which dictate human behaviour.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cNomadland\u201d<\/em> is a film well worth watching and reflecting upon; it sensitively shows the world of these ostracized individuals thanks to McDormands\u2019 outstanding performance and to the use of true nomads acting in the film as themselves. The beautiful scenes of the film\u2019s landscape are not nice, meaningless \u201cpostcards\u201d, they are powerful reminders of what Nature can offer if we try to listen and see with receptive hearts and minds. The film is an exhortation to break free from the bars of the \u201cpolished and decorated cage in which modern society keeps man imprisoned\u201d eloquently described by the mystic Hindu Swami Nirmalananda.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> T\u00f6nnies F. <em>Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft<\/em> (1887), Kessinger Publ 2010.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Selye H. <em>The General Adaptation Syndrome and the disease of adaptation<\/em>. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism 1946; 6: 117-230.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Von Dawans B, Fischbacher U, Kirschbaum C, Fehr E, Heinrichs M. <em>The social dimension of stress reactivity: acute stress increases prosocial behavior in humans<\/em>. Psychol Sci 2012; 23: 651-60.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Staub E &amp; Vollhardt J. <em>Altruism born of suffering: the roots of caring and helping after victimization and other trauma<\/em>. Am J Orthopsychiat 2008; 78: 267-80.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Sandi C &amp; Haller J. <em>Stress and the social brain: behavioural effects and neurobiological mechanisms<\/em>. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16: 290-304.<!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Film Review by Dr Franco Ferrarini, Gastroenterologist and Film Reviewer \u201cNomadland\u201d (Chlo\u00e9 Zhao, USA, 2020) winner of the Oscar for best film, best director (Chlo\u00e9 Zhao) and best actress in a leading role (Frances McDormand) in 2021. At the beginning of \u2018Nomadland\u2019 we meet Fern (Frances McDormand), a middle-aged, middle-class woman, in what is probably [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2021\/09\/16\/breaking-free-from-the-cage-of-modern-society\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[206],"tags":[15099],"class_list":["post-3160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-film","tag-film-review"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Breaking Free from the Cage of Modern Society - Medical Humanities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dr Franco Ferrarini reviews Chlo\u00e9 Zhao&#039;s Nomadland in today&#039;s film review.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2021\/09\/16\/breaking-free-from-the-cage-of-modern-society\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Breaking Free from the Cage of Modern Society - 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