{"id":2142,"date":"2019-10-08T10:00:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-08T09:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/?p=2142"},"modified":"2019-09-30T14:40:51","modified_gmt":"2019-09-30T13:40:51","slug":"hippocrates-now-quoting-the-father-of-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2019\/10\/08\/hippocrates-now-quoting-the-father-of-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"Hippocrates Now: Quoting the Father of Medicine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blog by Helen King<\/strong><\/p>\n

Helen King is Professor Emerita in Classical Studies at The Open University, UK<\/em><\/p>\n

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Cover for Helen King’s Hippocrates Now<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

My latest book is about the Hippocratic corpus, but although I\u2019m a classicist by training I only address the usual issues of authorship, theories and practices to set the scene. Instead, my focus is on what I\u2019ve called \u2018Hippocrates Now\u2019<\/a>: the online uses of Hippocrates to make claims and counter-claims about medicine, to sell products or to promote theories. Where we meet Hippocrates online today is often on Wikipedia<\/a>, and I dedicated one chapter to some particularly bizarre claims that have been kick-started there, but many will first encounter him via social media or news sites.<\/p>\n

Today, Hippocrates often operates at the level of \u2018quotes\u2019. Collecting quotes and sharing them are hardly new phenomena: the roots of books of quotations lie in the early modern commonplace book. Phrases are cultural capital, and may be inspirational, or simply decorative; something to live your life by, or just to include in a speech. There\u2019s some resemblance here to fundamentalist approaches to the Bible; everything depends on whether you can produce a verse in support. What\u2019s different about Hippocrates is that the verses don\u2019t exist; leaving aside the problem that nothing in the Hippocratic corpus can be definitively assigned to a man called Hippocrates<\/a>, the reason why Hippocrates quotes float freely in space without a named text is often that there isn\u2019t one!<\/p>\n

In a circular way, quotes with a historical figure attached both enhance the value of the quote and reinforce that figure\u2019s authority. But they don\u2019t do you, the quoter, any harm either. Ruth Finnegan, who wrote Why Do We Quote? The Culture and History of Quotation<\/a><\/em> (2011)\u2014the best study to date of the many reasons why people quote\u2014herself quoted David Comins: \u2018People will accept your ideas much more readily if you tell them Benjamin Franklin said it first.\u2019 That seems to be how Hippocrates quotes work. Incidentally, David Comins himself is something of a mystery, one blogger concluding that he was \u2018famous for this quotation, and nothing else\u2019<\/a>; unusually for the world of quotes, his quote lives on, including in this Benjamin Franklin collection<\/a>, without him gaining any benefit from its repetition.<\/p>\n

Among the Hippocrates quotes most widely shared on the internet and via social media and memes are \u2018First do no harm\u2019 (often wrongly attributed to the Oath<\/em>), \u2018Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food\u2019, \u2018Walking is the best medicine\u2019 and \u2018All diseases begin in the gut\u2019. Some are close to a real text: others less so. Repetition gives them authority. On social media, users may attach images which move the meaning of the words in one particular direction; for example, if someone tweets \u2018Let food be thy medicine. Hippocrates\u2019 and attaches a picture of raw foods, this will have a different meaning from the same tweet accompanied by a picture of one specific food.<\/p>\n

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Archaic language can lend a historical feel and the authority assumed to go with that. For the food\/medicine quote, several variants circulate; some prefer \u2018your\u2019 rather than \u2018thy\u2019, going for immediacy and relevance. In \u2018food should be our medicine and our medicine should be our food\u2019<\/a> an egalitarian \u2018we\u2019 work together rather than experts telling patients what to do, alongside the more threatening \u2018Eat your food like your medicines or else you will eat your medicines like food\u2019<\/a>. Sometimes a variant is presented as Ayurvedic<\/a>, or just as \u2018an old saying\u2019<\/a>, but most commonly its authority comes from Hippocrates.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s much enthusiasm for the food\/medicine quote among those who practise and use complementary or alternative medicine, but also in mainstream medicine; in a 2004 editorial<\/a> in the British Medical Journal<\/em>, Richard Smith quoted Mark Lucock\u2019s review of the role of folic acid<\/a> which ended with \u2018Hippocrates\u2019 famous \u2026 philosophy\u2019 of \u2018Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food\u2019. Smith ended his own piece with the statement that \u2018Hippocrates would be pleased\u2019 at the increasing interest in the science of food. People now often think they know just what Hippocrates would have thought or said.<\/p>\n

What happens when they are told otherwise? In 2013, Diana Cardenas demolished the claim<\/a> that \u2018Let food be thy medicine\u2019 is in the Hippocratic corpus. The full text of her article, available through ResearchGate<\/a>, has had over 12,000 reads, some users of the quote are now aware of her work; however, it doesn\u2019t make much difference. \u2018Dr Goodfood\u2019<\/a> argues that authenticity doesn\u2019t really matter because \u2018it\u2019s obvious from Hippocrates writings, that diet and lifestyle regime were at the center of his thoughts\u2019.<\/p>\n

Some widely-repeated quotes even have more than one author. Reddit\u2019s quotes site includes<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has.\u201d –\u00a0Hippocrates<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

You\u2019ll more commonly find the sentiments of this particular quote, or its bumper-stickered version of \u2018treat the (whole) person, not the disease\u2019, attributed instead to one of the greatest physicians of the modern era, Sir William Osler<\/a> (1849\u20131919): \u2018The good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease.\u2019 Hippocrates didn\u2019t say or write this: did Osler say? I enlisted Dr Mary Hague-Yearl of the Osler Library to help here, and she checked with one of the compilers of The Quotable Osler<\/em>, a book reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Proceedings<\/a> as ideal for \u2018Anyone who cares for patients\u2019. Charley Bryan replied that he was \u201899% sure that it was merely attributed to Osler\u2019. Possibly it is based on something Osler did \u2018say\u2019, in an address to Albany Medical College students in 1899: \u2018Care more particularly for the individual patient than for the special features of the disease.\u2019 When the quote moves from Osler to Hippocrates, it also recalls Lasagna\u2019s 1964 version<\/a> of the Oath<\/em>, which includes \u2018I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being.\u2019<\/p>\n

Hippocrates, or Osler? As a founding principle of medical humanities, this quote can be attached to whoever the founding father is chosen to be.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Blog by Helen King Helen King is Professor Emerita in Classical Studies at The Open University, UK My latest book is about the Hippocratic corpus, but although I\u2019m a classicist by training I only address the usual issues of authorship, theories and practices to set the scene. Instead, my focus is on what I\u2019ve called […]<\/p>\n

Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15061],"tags":[15055],"class_list":["post-2142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-reflection","tag-culture"],"yoast_head":"\nHippocrates Now: Quoting the Father of Medicine - Medical Humanities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Classicist Helen King reports on her research into the cultural capital of quotes attributed to Hippocrates.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-humanities\/2019\/10\/08\/hippocrates-now-quoting-the-father-of-medicine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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