Here’s a short story about the evolution of modern science: we used to understand very little about the world, and lacked the means to understand it.\u00a0 But we wanted to know how it worked, and we invented things like gods and demons to explain phenomena.\u00a0 As we gradually learned more and more about the way the world works, the god-and-demon beliefs got ditched and replaced by better – that is, more truth-tracking – beliefs.\u00a0 Some of these truth-tracking beliefs were actually true, too.\u00a0 Sometimes this progress is halted or even temporarily reversed, perhaps as a result of poverty or trauma – think of the widespread belief in witches in parts of West Africa – but the trend is to abandon the supernatural; and the supernatural has no place in modern medicine.<\/p>\n
The story is a bit simple, and a bit simplistic, but it’s the kind of thing that a lot of people accept as being, at least in essence, correct – and trivially correct.\u00a0 Sophisticated people don’t do demons; we know there’re things we don’t know, but that’s why we have science; and the fact that we don’t know why x<\/em> happened doesn’t warrant the belief that the spirits did it.<\/p>\n Why am I rehearsing all this?\u00a0 Well, because Asleepius over at Religion versus Medicine<\/a> has drawn my attention to a fairly remarkable document<\/a> on the Christian Medical Fellowship’s website that appears to take seriously the idea that demons might well play a part in explaining some disorders, particularly in psychiatry.<\/p>\n No, really.\u00a0 Look:<\/p>\n As Christians in psychiatry, then, we have an important responsibility. We need to be informed of the findings and limits<\/strong> of psychiatric research, so that we can offer rational scientific explanations and treatments for psychiatric illness, where these exist. We need to bring healing to, and show love and care for, patients with stigmarising [sic<\/em>] mental illnesses, just as Jesus showed compassion for those who were stigmatised by physical illness (eg Mt 8:1-4). However, we also need to recognise that not all human problems will be explicable by medical science. The New Testament tells us that Jesus has commissioned us to ‘ drive out demons’ (Mk 16:17), and we must be ready to respond to this commission if and when we are called to do so<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Psychiatry, then, is not the only domain within which we need to be aware of demonic influence, and perhaps it is not even the most important such domain. Furthermore, we cannot expect to make a simple differential diagnosis according to certain signs or symptoms of demonisation. However, this does not exclude the need to consider other possible links between demonic activity and mental illness.<\/p>\n […]<\/p>\n It would seem reasonable to argue that demon possession may be an aetiological factor in some cases of mental illness, but it may also be an aetiological factor in some non-psychiatric conditions, and in other cases it may be encountered in the absence of psychiatric or medical disorder. Furthermore, demon possession is essentially a spiritual problem, but mental illness is a multifactorial affair, in which spiritual, social, psychological and physical factors may all play an aetioIogical role. The relationship between these concepts is therefore complex. Differential diagnostic skills may have a part to play in offering help to those whose problems could be of demonic or medical\/psychiatric origin. However, spiritual discernment is of at least equal, if not greater, importance in such matters<\/strong>. [emphasis mine]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n This is problematic – and worrying – for a number of reasons.\u00a0 First, there’s an obviously fallacious scientistic interpretation of medicine in the first paragraph: not all human problems are amenable to solution by medical science, therefore GOD.\u00a0 But the idea that medicine is just about medical science is a minority view anyway – it’s widely accepted that medicine is – or at least has elements of – art to it as well.\u00a0 It’s about applying science in an appropriate way, for sure: but at least some medicine – most obviously general practice, psychiatry, and so on, is clearly much richer.\u00a0 (Or put it this way: applying science isn’t the same as science, any more than spreading jam is the same as jam.)\u00a0 And let’s suppose that there’re some conditions that will\u00a0never be understood by medical science – again, we might think that some kinds of psychological distress are candidates here: well, so what?\u00a0 It doesn’t follow that there’s any room for spooky ghost stuff.<\/p>\n Moreover, the claims are not just non-scientific: they’re anti-scientific.\u00a0 Look at the claim about differential diagnosis.\u00a0 In effect, the claim is that the widely-recognised diagnostic tools will be of no help in respect of demonic possession – d’ya reckon? – with the clear implication that medics therefore really don’t have to worry about standard diagnostic practices.\u00a0 In other words: don’t worry about there being no evidence for “spiritual” explanations of the patient’s condition; we don’t need evidence.\u00a0 This is a message that’s reenforced in the last paragraph, in the bit I’ve highlighted.\u00a0 It’s also implicit in the claims about the limits of psychiatric research – there aren’t unknowns, the message goes, so much as areas in which research cannot tread.\u00a0 (Note the similarity here with the strategy adopted by IDers and creationists when they’re attacking evolutionary biology.\u00a0 And, wouldn’t you know it, the CMF endorses creationism<\/a> as well.)<\/p>\n Oh, by the way: there is (apparently) evidence that demon-talk is legitimate – after all, Jeebus did it:<\/p>\n Surely, He would not accede to erroneous views regarding the influence of evil in human lives? Furthermore. the Gospels provide evidence that Jesus actually saw the casting out of demons as a part of His mission on earth (eg Lk 13: 32), and that He made it a part of the mission of His disciples (eg Lk 9: 1). We must, therefore, be very hesitant to accept any idea that Jesus was simply acceding to, or actively colluding with, a primitive misconstruction of the nature of mental illness.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n But why should an ethicist be bothered about this?\u00a0 There’s a range of reasons.\u00a0 The first is that morally good medical practice requires scientifically good medical practice – that is, a doctor seems to me to have an obligation to use the most up-to-date information, and to pare that information with Occam’s razor.\u00a0 Novel treatments may require a small leap of faith on occasion – absolute certainty in diagnosis and treatment is, after all, not possible – but even here, there’ll be a requirement for a springboard of decent evidence.\u00a0 The CMF, by associating itself with demon-nonsense, is therefore participating in the erosion of one of the things that underpins decent medical practice.<\/p>\n Second – and this follows – it’s hard to see how there could ever be evidence for the soundness of demon-based treatment.\u00a0 The promotion of clinical methods for which there is no evidence, and for which the requirement for medical evidence is airily dismissed – remember, there are some things that are beyond medical science\u00a0– is a recipe for reckless care.\u00a0 Once you’ve abandoned evidence in one area, it’s hard to see why it remains important in any other.<\/p>\n Finally, it’s hard to see what the practical implications could be.\u00a0 I don’t get the impression from the document that Christian doctors are being recommended to wear their science hat during the day and then pray privately for their patients at night.\u00a0 That might be what’s actually meant, but I don’t see it.\u00a0 Were that the case, there’d be no need to harp on about the limits of medical science.\u00a0 It seems obvious to me that there’s at least a vague notion that some of this stuff should have a place in clinical practice.\u00a0 That’s where daft becomes dangerous.\u00a0 Frankly, it’s an invitation to neglect (why bother with the tried and trusted, if we’re dealing with demons?) and abuse (on the basis that it’s hard to see how any attempt to drive out demons from the vulnerable is anything other than abuse).<\/p>\n OK – I’ll admit that the document is old – it’s from 1997 – but it’s still hosted on the CMF’s site, and so it would seem to have\u00a0the CMF’s approval.\u00a0 And, while the CMF generally is a slightly batty organisation in my view, for it to be associated with this kind of garbage is simply jaw-dropping.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Here’s a short story about the evolution of modern science: we used to understand very little about the world, and lacked the means to understand it.\u00a0 But we wanted to know how it worked, and we invented things like gods and demons to explain phenomena.\u00a0 As we gradually learned more and more about the way […]<\/p>\n