{"id":4191,"date":"2021-07-22T13:19:33","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T12:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/?p=4191"},"modified":"2021-07-22T13:19:33","modified_gmt":"2021-07-22T12:19:33","slug":"what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By Amali U Lokugamage \u00a0Elizabeth(Liz) Rix, Tania Fleming, Tanvi Khetan, Alice Meredith, and Carolyn Ruth Hastie.<\/p>\n<p>The global pandemic and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/explainers-53337780\">BlackLivesMatter<\/a> movement have highlighted systemic racism as a driver of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4306458\/\">health inequities<\/a> for ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. So how should we upend this pervasive discrimination and critically yet constructively examine this from a decolonial perspective? This collection of authors from the UK, New Zealand and Australia have co-produced a <a href=\"https:\/\/equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12939-019-1082-3\">Cultural Safety<\/a> framework to address <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/331258809_Structural_Iatrogenesis_-_A_43-Year-Old_Man_with_Opioid_Misuse\">structural iatrogenesis<\/a> where patients are harmed by unconscious or conscious racist power imbalances in the bureaucratic and cultural systems within healthcare systems, including those systems originally intended to help them.<\/p>\n<p>Health inequities are known to be directly linked to colonisation by the British Empire and the enduring legacy of individual and structural racism. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC188521\/\">Cultural Safety\u2019s genesis<\/a> was in New Zealand, created and developed in the 1990s by M\u0101ori nurse and educator, Irihapiti Ramsden. The shared experiences of all Indigenous Peoples colonised by Europeans have prompted the expansion of the Cultural Safety educational framework to Indigenous Peoples and other marginalised ethnic minority populations globally.\u00a0 The Australian perspective in particular reveals parallels with the UK in the context of both countries\u2019 social and political landscapes, including hidden colonial histories, healthcare inequities and racial discrimination.\u00a0 Whilst the UK context and history of racial discrimination are literally \u2018poles\u2019 apart from that experienced by M\u0101ori and Aboriginal Peoples in the Antipodes, outcomes for those suffering individual and systemic racism when accessing healthcare resonate strongly.<\/p>\n<p>Cultural Safety <a href=\"https:\/\/equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12939-019-1082-3\">differs from other frameworks<\/a> (such as cultural competence) for <a href=\"https:\/\/healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au\/key-resources\/health-professionals\/cultural-safety-for-health-professionals\/\">developing healthcare practitioners\u2019<\/a> cross-cultural skills in a number of crucial areas which we discuss in our article Translating Cultural Safety to the UK. Critical self-reflection on one\u2019s own culture, power, and privilege, and addressing inherent power imbalances within healthcare sets Cultural Safety apart as a decolonising and human rights focused framework. Cultural Safety is also crucial to undoing discrimination and critical conversation about racism in our health institutions. Translating Cultural Safety to the UK therefore is a form of reverse innovation from people who were colonised back to their previous colonisers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/367\/bmj.l6205\">to address racial injustice<\/a> in healthcare. This means that the ex-British empire could humbly learn from others who have been subjugated and subordinated about solutions that have arisen and work well from grassroots experts. From this trajectory we can address knowledge\/epistemic blind spots in healthcare structures arising from unconscious bias, power imbalances and privilege known to have been set up and ingrained during the <a href=\"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/content\/46\/4\/265\">origins of biomedicine in colonial times<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-4204\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg 1015w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-297x300.jpg 297w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-768x775.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1522x1536.jpg 1522w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-2029x2048.jpg 2029w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-640x646.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>For the translation of Cultural Safety to the UK, we have developed an infographic to assist readers (graphic above). We use a Cultural Safety Tree model as both a practical taxonomy but also as a metaphor which symbolises and resonates with its Indigenous ideals.<\/p>\n<p>Person-centred care, staff reflexivity, structural reflexivity and listening to the voices of the recipients of healthcare are the crucial roots to this model. Organisations can explore the other aspects representing the tree trunk and the multiplicity of possible strategies and actions (representing the flowers, leaves and fruit). We acknowledge that the translation of CS, will require dovetailing and tailoring with pre-existing healthcare human rights, ethics, undoing racism and decolonial activities within the UK. Actively engaging with this model will lead to dismantling the underlying discrimination and unconscious biases that have become embedded as structural racism within policy, systems, and practice. A practical example of this in the context of the UK, is the historical absence of teaching materials for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/nbcblk\/med-schools-rarely-teach-common-skin-ailments-black-patients-student-n1234376\">diagnosis in dark skin tones<\/a>, with resources universally focused on white skins.\u00a0 These omissions are in effect, the vehicles of misdiagnosis and potentially death. A clear and concerning example of this is not teaching medical, midwifery, and nursing students how to diagnose cyanosis in a black person.<\/p>\n<p>Denial of the existence of <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/03\/31\/structural-racism-is-a-fundamental-cause-and-driver-of-ethnic-disparities-in-health\/\">structural racism<\/a> in the UK by the recent <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/974507\/20210331_-_CRED_Report_-_FINAL_-_Web_Accessible.pdf\">Sewell report<\/a> has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/373\/bmj.n911\">condemned<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/373\/bmj.n911?ijkey=2d6ff0ec5baea67bcb96f0662e0c25d6d547135d&amp;keytype2=tf_ipsecsha\">rejected<\/a> by many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2021\/apr\/07\/sewell-report-structural-racism-research\">experts<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/373\/bmj.n1063\">contradicts<\/a> scholarly outputs in this context.\u00a0 The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/bmj\/373\/bmj.n1035.full.pdf\">evidence<\/a> of structural racism is undeniable, despite the Sewell report attempting to shift the focus from racism to geography, family, culture, and religion. Educating healthcare providers to work in a Culturally Safe way in the UK will require further research and policy development.\u00a0 Doing so will provide an important steppingstone in overturning structural racism within the NHS and beyond.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paper Title:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2021\/07\/19\/medethics-2020-107017\">Translating Cultural Safety to the UK<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: By Amali U Lokugamage<strong><sup>1,2<\/sup><\/strong> Elizabeth(Liz) Rix<strong><sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>, Tania Fleming<strong><sup>4<\/sup><\/strong>, Tanvi Khetan<strong><sup>5<\/sup><\/strong>, Alice Meredith<strong><sup>5<\/sup><\/strong>, and Carolyn Ruth Hastie<strong><sup>6<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Affiliations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Department of Clinical and Professional Practice,\u00a0University College London Medical<\/p>\n<p>2 School,\u00a0London,\u00a0UKDepartment of Women&#8217;s Health,\u00a0Whittington Health NHS Trust,\u00a0London,\u00a0UK<\/p>\n<p>3 Faculty of Health,\u00a0Southern Cross University,\u00a0Gold Coast Campus, Bilinga,\u00a0Queensland,\u00a0Australia<\/p>\n<p>4 School of Midwifery,\u00a0Auckland University of Technology,\u00a0Auckland,\u00a0New Zealand<\/p>\n<p>5 University College London Medical School Alumni,\u00a0University College London,\u00a0London,\u00a0UK<\/p>\n<p>6 Department of Nursing and Midwifery,\u00a0Griffith University Faculty of Health,\u00a0Gold Coast,\u00a0Queensland,\u00a0Australia<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem\">Declaration of interests: <\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem\">\u00a0AUL is on the Board of Directors of the International MotherBaby Childbirth Organisation and a member of a Patient and Public Voice Partners advisory group within NHS England (which are both voluntary and non-renumerated roles). TF, ER, AM, TK, CH none declared.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Social media accounts<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>@DocAmali, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/amali-lokugamage-64097b43\/\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/amali-lokugamage-64097b43\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>@tania_fleming16, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tania-fleming-2b9b82122\/\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tania-fleming-2b9b82122\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KhetanTanvi\">@KhetanTanvi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Liz Rix <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/liz-rix-870b9231\/\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/liz-rix-870b9231\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>@CarolynHastie, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/carolyn-ruth-hastie-123a8910\/\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/carolyn-ruth-hastie-123a8910\/<\/a><!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Amali U Lokugamage \u00a0Elizabeth(Liz) Rix, Tania Fleming, Tanvi Khetan, Alice Meredith, and Carolyn Ruth Hastie. The global pandemic and the BlackLivesMatter movement have highlighted systemic racism as a driver of health inequities for ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. So how should we upend this pervasive discrimination and critically yet constructively examine this from [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":354,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8070],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pandemic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Amali U Lokugamage \u00a0Elizabeth(Liz) Rix, Tania Fleming, Tanvi Khetan, Alice Meredith, and Carolyn Ruth Hastie. The global pandemic and the BlackLivesMatter movement have highlighted systemic racism as a driver of health inequities for ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. So how should we upend this pervasive discrimination and critically yet constructively examine this from [...]Read More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Journal of Medical Ethics blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-22T12:19:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hazem Zohny\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hazem Zohny\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hazem Zohny\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e73152f6aa4e164c7d625d77cf4fed35\"},\"headline\":\"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-22T12:19:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":919,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/files\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Pandemic\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/files\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-22T12:19:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/files\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/files\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL.jpg\",\"width\":2481,\"height\":2504},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/22\\\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/\",\"name\":\"Journal of Medical Ethics blog\",\"description\":\"A blog to discuss the ethics of medicine in its many guises and formats.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Journal of Medical Ethics blog\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/files\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/jme-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/files\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/jme-logo.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":50,\"caption\":\"Journal of Medical Ethics blog\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e73152f6aa4e164c7d625d77cf4fed35\",\"name\":\"Hazem Zohny\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4d1bd322d5ff8e6f31a624003143903d0ba7346af8cdb1fd6b5e95924b92ece1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4d1bd322d5ff8e6f31a624003143903d0ba7346af8cdb1fd6b5e95924b92ece1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4d1bd322d5ff8e6f31a624003143903d0ba7346af8cdb1fd6b5e95924b92ece1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hazem Zohny\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk\\\/people\\\/dr-hazem-zohny\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/medical-ethics\\\/author\\\/zohnyh\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog","og_description":"By Amali U Lokugamage \u00a0Elizabeth(Liz) Rix, Tania Fleming, Tanvi Khetan, Alice Meredith, and Carolyn Ruth Hastie. The global pandemic and the BlackLivesMatter movement have highlighted systemic racism as a driver of health inequities for ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. So how should we upend this pervasive discrimination and critically yet constructively examine this from [...]Read More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/","og_site_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics blog","article_published_time":"2021-07-22T12:19:33+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Hazem Zohny","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hazem Zohny","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/"},"author":{"name":"Hazem Zohny","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#\/schema\/person\/e73152f6aa4e164c7d625d77cf4fed35"},"headline":"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK?","datePublished":"2021-07-22T12:19:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/"},"wordCount":919,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg","articleSection":["Pandemic"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/","name":"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL-1015x1024.jpg","datePublished":"2021-07-22T12:19:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2021\/07\/CS_tree-diagram-FINAL.jpg","width":2481,"height":2504},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2021\/07\/22\/what-is-cultural-safety-and-how-could-it-dissolve-structural-racism-in-the-uk\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"What is Cultural Safety and how could it dissolve structural racism in the UK?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/","name":"Journal of Medical Ethics blog","description":"A blog to discuss the ethics of medicine in its many guises and formats.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#organization","name":"Journal of Medical Ethics blog","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2026\/04\/jme-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/files\/2026\/04\/jme-logo.png","width":200,"height":50,"caption":"Journal of Medical Ethics blog"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/#\/schema\/person\/e73152f6aa4e164c7d625d77cf4fed35","name":"Hazem Zohny","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d1bd322d5ff8e6f31a624003143903d0ba7346af8cdb1fd6b5e95924b92ece1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d1bd322d5ff8e6f31a624003143903d0ba7346af8cdb1fd6b5e95924b92ece1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4d1bd322d5ff8e6f31a624003143903d0ba7346af8cdb1fd6b5e95924b92ece1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hazem Zohny"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk\/people\/dr-hazem-zohny"],"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/author\/zohnyh\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/354"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4191\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}