{"id":2970,"date":"2015-11-15T15:56:18","date_gmt":"2015-11-15T14:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/?p=2970"},"modified":"2015-11-15T22:13:10","modified_gmt":"2015-11-15T21:13:10","slug":"homeopathy-blacklisting-and-the-misuse-of-choice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2015\/11\/15\/homeopathy-blacklisting-and-the-misuse-of-choice\/","title":{"rendered":"Homeopathy, Blacklisting, and the Misuse of Choice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It seems that homeopathy might at last be <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-34744858\" target=\"_blank\">facing some serious opposition from within the NHS<\/a><\/span>, with the prospect of its being blacklisted being considered.<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s any number of people who&#8217;ll be entirely on board with that. Homeopathy doesn&#8217;t work. \u00a0Of course, a lot of medicines turn out not to work, or not to work well. \u00a0But the difference between homeopathy and unsuccessful drugs is that the latter are at least more likely to have a plausible mechanism &#8211; roughly, one of throwing molecules at other molecules, or coaxing the body to throw molecules at molecules. \u00a0Homeopathy doesn&#8217;t even have that. \u00a0It relies on water having a memory.<\/p>\n<p>At the very best, it contributes nothing. But it does cost money &#8211; not much, but more than none, and in the end, the taxpayer has to pony up for it. \u00a0Money is being wasted every time the NHS pays for homeopathic treatment, and that looks to be unjust. \u00a0(It\u2019s not the most unjust thing in the world, but that\u2019s neither here nor there. \u00a0Wrongs are wrongs, even if harms might vary.)<\/p>\n<p>It might even get in the way of effective treatments, if patients use it rather than them. \u00a0That might mean that they\u2019re worse off than they could otherwise be. \u00a0At the outside, it might mean that they\u2019re a danger to others \u2013 they might be spreading illness by dint of not getting treated properly for it.<\/p>\n<p>To that extent, Simon Singh strikes me as being bang on the money:<!--more--><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Simon Singh, the founder of the Good Thinking Society, said: &#8220;Given the finite resources of the NHS, any spending on homeopathy is utterly unjustifiable.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The money spent on these disproven remedies can be far better spent on treatments that offer real benefits to patients.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We don\u2019t have to be able to make a positive claim that homeopathy doesn\u2019t work; all we have to be able to show is that it is not, and is not likely to be, the best thing.<\/p>\n<p>Nothing else.<\/p>\n<p>Now look at the defence of the procedure mounted by Helen Beaumont in that same article. \u00a0She\u2019s described as the president of the Faculty of Homeopathy\u2026 but is strangely reluctant to offer a positive defence of it, saying only that<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>other drugs such as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) for depression would be a better target for saving money, as homeopathic pills had a &#8220;profound effect&#8221; on patients.<\/p>\n<p>She told the BBC News website: &#8220;Patient choice is important; homeopathy works, it&#8217;s widely used by doctors in Europe, and patients who are treated by homeopathy are really convinced of its benefits, as am I.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>But, notwithstanding this, the evidential base for homeopathy simply doesn\u2019t exist; and even granted (for the sake of the argument) that there might be <em>some<\/em> evidence for its effectiveness, it\u2019s vastly overwhelmed by the evidence that you can get better results doing other things. \u00a0(Show me someone who claims to have been cured of something when using homeopathy and nothing else, and I\u2019ll show you the distinction between cause and correlation. \u00a0Show me a peer-reviewed RCT demonstrating effectiveness in the <em>BMJ<\/em> or <em>NEJM<\/em>, and I\u2019ll listen.*) \u00a0And, of course, \u201cprofound effect\u201d could mean anything.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s of epidemiological and medical interest. \u00a0But the other parts of her comment are at least as important from an ethicist\u2019s perspective.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not about choice.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve said it before, but at risk of labouring the point: choice doesn\u2019t generate entitlement. \u00a0The fact that someone would prefer a particular kind of treatment may mean that they should \u2013 all else being equal \u2013 be allowed to pursue it. \u00a0It does not follow that the NHS should be providing it, much less endorsing it.<\/p>\n<p>To witter on about choice is, actually, to admit that the clinical evidence is threadbare. \u00a0For things that work, the primary reason to administer them is that they work; choice comes into it in the form of a veto. \u00a0To break it down to near-parodic levels, choice works like this:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Doctor, my leg hurts.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I diagnose knee-measles.** \u00a0The evidence supports hacking off the limb with a tablespoon as treatment.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I\u2019ll take my chances, ta.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Choice generates for us reasons\u00a0<em>not<\/em> to act; and the prevailing mood is that those reasons are likely to be overwhelming. \u00a0Indeed, it&#8217;s accepted\u00a0in law that, all else being equal, a patient can reject treatment for any or no reason at all: the rejection itself is reason enough for it not to be given.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, we should accept that choice does give us\u00a0<em>a<\/em> reason to act &#8211; but only the kind of reason that is easily overwhelmed by other considerations. \u00a0Efficacy, or the lack thereof, is one of them. \u00a0Time, energy, resources are in short supply. \u00a0\u201cI choose this\u201d is <em>a<\/em> reason to provide it; but \u201cIt won\u2019t do you any good\u201d defeats it, especially when third parties are the ones paying for it.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, even if the prevailing mood about choice does, <em>sub specie aeternitatis<\/em>, have right on its side, it still doesn\u2019t do what Beaumont thinks it does.<\/p>\n<p>And, as for homeopathy, so for other things. \u00a0Choice is important in medicine; but it should be kept in its place.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>* Yes, this is setting the bar high. \u00a0I think that a homeopathic study should have to appear in a top-10 journal to have the same impact as a conventional study, even if the conventional study appears in a much less prestigious journal. \u00a0Why? \u00a0Simply because homeopathy\u2019s claims are extraordinary. \u00a0Should homeopathy earn its spurs as a discipline, then that burden will be less onerous; it would tend towards being the same as that carried by studies in conventional medicine. \u00a0For the time being, though\u2026 nope. \u00a0It has to earn its place.<\/p>\n<p>** Totally a thing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It seems that homeopathy might at last be facing some serious opposition from within the NHS, with the prospect of its being blacklisted being considered. There&#8217;s any number of people who&#8217;ll be entirely on board with that. Homeopathy doesn&#8217;t work. \u00a0Of course, a lot of medicines turn out not to work, or not to work [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2015\/11\/15\/homeopathy-blacklisting-and-the-misuse-of-choice\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[968,511,563,2148,328,475,576,1544],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clinical-ethics","category-in-the-news","category-language","category-law","category-philosophy","category-politics","category-the-art-of-medicine","category-the-nhs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Homeopathy, Blacklisting, and the Misuse of Choice - Journal of Medical Ethics blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2015\/11\/15\/homeopathy-blacklisting-and-the-misuse-of-choice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Homeopathy, Blacklisting, and the Misuse of Choice - Journal of Medical Ethics blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It seems that homeopathy might at last be facing some serious opposition from within the NHS, with the prospect of its being blacklisted being considered. 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