{"id":2408,"date":"2013-03-25T10:28:28","date_gmt":"2013-03-25T09:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/?p=2408"},"modified":"2013-03-25T15:04:19","modified_gmt":"2013-03-25T14:04:19","slug":"are-biomedical-ethics-journals-institutionally-racist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2013\/03\/25\/are-biomedical-ethics-journals-institutionally-racist\/","title":{"rendered":"Are Biomedical Ethics Journals Institutionally Racist?"},"content":{"rendered":"

So there’s this letter<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> published in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry<\/em> that moots the idea that the top biomedical ethics journals might be institutionally racist. \u00a0In it, Subrata\u00a0Chattopadhyay,\u00a0Catherine\u00a0Myser\u00a0and\u00a0Raymond\u00a0De\u00a0Vries\u00a0point out that the editorial boards of a good number of journals are dominated by members who are located in the global North – countries officially listed as being high or very high on the development index, with only 1.3% drawn from countries classed as least developed.<\/p>\n

Developing World Bioethics\u00a0<\/em>has the highest proportion of its editorial board located in the least-developed nations; but even there, the figure is only just over 11%. \u00a0On the face of it, this doesn’t look too good, especially given the proportion of the world’s population in general that lives in the poorest countries. \u00a0The JME<\/i>, by comparison, draws 100% of its editorial board members from people located in highly and very-highly developed nations.<\/p>\n

Still: this isn’t likely to be the whole story. \u00a0Udo Schucklenk – a founding editor of\u00a0DWB<\/em>, of course – takes issue with the letter on a number of grounds<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. \u00a0For one thing, he he suggests that\u00a0Chattopadhyay\u00a0et al<\/em>\u00a0might be performing a sleight of hand with their metrics; by lumping together countries ranked as high and very high on the development index, they’re lumping together the UK, Germany, and the US\u00a0with Iran, Malaysia, and Jamaica. \u00a0Neither Iran nor Jamaica is a classic basket-case economy; but, still, “high” and “very high” development covers a vast range of income levels. \u00a0Treating all these countries in the same way obscures that there’s a huge range of locations from which editorial staff may be drawn.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

I’ll come back to this in a moment.<\/p>\n

Chattopadhyay\u00a0et al<\/em> also claim that<\/p>\n

bioethics pays more attention to esoteric ethical problems facing wealthy nations than it does to issues such as poverty, hunger, and health inequities that are global in nature. Is this editorial bias (Lancet\u00a0editor Richard Horton calls this institutional racism) mirrored in the editorial boards of leading bioethics journals?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

What they don’t do is provide an answer to their own question, or evidence to suggest one. \u00a0I suppose that there might<\/em> be institutional racism at work; but that isn’t the only explanation. \u00a0Here’s another: issues such as poverty, hunger, and health inequalities don’t get much attention in journals (or maybe,\u00a0pace<\/em> Udo, journals other than\u00a0DWB<\/em>) because they aren’t that ethically interesting*. \u00a0There’s not much scope to argue about whether poverty, hunger, and inequalities are good things. \u00a0The debate here is how to remedy them, not whether they should be remedied; and that kind of debate is perhaps better had in more general ethics journals, or those devoted to development, economics, or politics. \u00a0There is scope to ask questions about what global justice would look like – but that isn’t a uniquely biomedical question, and it might be better addressed elsewhere.<\/p>\n

In other words, institutional racism, or Northern complacency, might explain the content of journals; but it isn’t necessarily the only explanation, and it isn’t necessarily the best.<\/p>\n

As I noted a second ago, Chattopadhyay\u00a0et al<\/em> leave their question hanging; having raised it, they move on to look at the make-up of editorial boards, suggesting that<\/p>\n

[the] severe underrepresentation of developing countries on editorial boards suggests that institutional racism also infects leading bioethics journals and is clearly a cause for concern.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Does it? \u00a0Again, it might; but there’s a range of other things we have to take into account. \u00a0Udo notes that all the journals considered are English-language:<\/p>\n

Why should non-English speaking academics working in the global south submit content to English language journals that are not widely read in their home countries? \u00a0Are they doing wrong, in the eyes of our Letter\u00a0writers, when they focus on journals in their mother tongue that are actually locally read by their fellow country men and women?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

But there’re other things that need clarification, too. \u00a0First, the analysis is of the editorial boards is based on where their members are based. \u00a0It does not tell us anything about where their members are from, or their ethnicity. \u00a0Hence leaping to claims about racism quite so quickly doesn’t seem warranted. \u00a0Geography isn’t race.<\/p>\n

Second, academia is very globally mobile – far more mobile than most other professions, I’d guess. \u00a0This allows talented people to move around the world in pursuit of ever-better jobs. \u00a0It’s reasonable to assume that the highest pay and the best quality of life will be found in the most developed countries; therefore the most talented people are most likely to gravitate towards those countries. \u00a0But since journals will want to draw their editorial boards from among the most talented, this means that those boards are likely to be drawn from the most developed countries. \u00a0At the same time, if you’re living in a less-developed country and are asked to join the editorial board of a journal, that could well be the sort of recognition that helps you get a job somewhere else. \u00a0Again, the location of editors doesn’t tell us a great deal that’s of any use; it’s not a sign of anything sinister.<\/p>\n

Of course, we might think that there’s something unjust about a world in which the most talented people from the developing world leave to live and work in the developed world; but that’s a different matter entirely.<\/p>\n

Third, the letter gives only a snapshot, and snapshots of phenomena don’t necessarily help us explain those same phenomena. \u00a0To see why, imagine that\u00a0talented people are randomly and evenly distributed around the world, and that each individually\u00a0has exactly the same chance of becoming an editor irrespective of where they live. \u00a0Maybe editorial posts are distributed among suitably talented people by lottery, for example. \u00a0In this picture, we’d expect that, over time, the composition of editorial boards would match world demographics.<\/p>\n

However, that expectation could be unmet without it meaning that anything has gone amiss. \u00a0An unbiased coin – or a whole bag of them –\u00a0might never come up anything other than heads<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>; the selection of editors might never, as a matter of fact, yield any distribution other than the one we currently see.<\/p>\n

For sure, if a highly unlikely distribution does occur across several journals, and remains for a significant amount of time, it does increase the chance that there’s something wrong. \u00a0But any distribution is only ever\u00a0evidence<\/em> for that – it’s not\u00a0proof<\/em>. \u00a0Merely pointing out that the distribution of editorial board members is thus-and-so is a starting point; it might require explanation; but – as I’ve just indicated, and Udo has indicated further – there’re explanations for the distribution that don’t require imputations of racism.<\/p>\n

Is there a case for the journals to answer? \u00a0Well, there might be. \u00a0Chattopadhyay\u00a0et al<\/em> might have identified a problem. \u00a0But it’s not obvious that the case is unanswerable.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*UPDATE, 25.iii.13, 14:00: See the discussion in the comments.\u00a0 By “ethically interesting”, I simply mean that there’s no real debate to be had about whether, say, poverty is a bad thing.\u00a0 What is<\/em> ethically interesting is what should be done about it – there’s a real debate to be had there.\u00a0 However, it’s not the kind of debate that necessarily belongs in biomedical ethics journals – it would be at least equally at home in applied ethics, political philosophy, economics, development, or related journals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

So there’s this letter published in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry that moots the idea that the top biomedical ethics journals might be institutionally racist. \u00a0In it, Subrata\u00a0Chattopadhyay,\u00a0Catherine\u00a0Myser\u00a0and\u00a0Raymond\u00a0De\u00a0Vries\u00a0point out that the editorial boards of a good number of journals are dominated by members who are located in the global North – countries officially listed as […]<\/p>\n

Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1240,1542,443,328,475,472],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogosphere","category-in-the-journals","category-jme","category-philosophy","category-politics","category-thinking-aloud"],"yoast_head":"\nAre Biomedical Ethics Journals Institutionally Racist? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2013\/03\/25\/are-biomedical-ethics-journals-institutionally-racist\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Are Biomedical Ethics Journals Institutionally Racist? 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