{"id":614,"date":"2018-04-11T01:42:19","date_gmt":"2018-04-11T01:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/?p=614"},"modified":"2018-04-11T01:42:19","modified_gmt":"2018-04-11T01:42:19","slug":"chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/2018\/04\/11\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\/","title":{"rendered":"Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the last few years, the role of neuroinflammation has been established as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in ALS, activated microglia contribute to the non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration of the motor neurons. Moreover, there is no doubt that biomarkers for ALS diagnosis, prognosis and clinical trial stratification are needed.<\/p>\n<p>In the March issue of JNNP, Steinacker and colleague explored the potential use of a marker of microglia activation, chitotriosidase (CHIT1), in the differential diagnosis and prognosis for ALS patients. The authors analyzed the CHIT1 concentration in CSF and serum from patients with ALS. This was compared with bio-fluids obtained from ALS mimics and a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (CDJ) and Parkinson\u00b4s disease (PD). The authors found that ALS patients displayed significantly higher levels of CHIT1 in the CSF compared with healthy controls, ALS mimics and most of the neurodegenerative diseases, excluding CDJ. Interestingly, the highest CHIT1 levels were found in patients with a rapidly progressive ALS form. In keeping with this finding, CHIT1 level correlated with ALS severity and disease progression, however not with survival. CHT1 blood levels were similar between ALS patients and any other study group. Finally, the brain tissue analysis revealed overexpression of CHIT1 in the spinal cord of ALS patients, specifically in the microglia and macrophages.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_615\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-615\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/files\/2018\/04\/CHIT1-ALS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-615\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/files\/2018\/04\/CHIT1-ALS-1024x433.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/files\/2018\/04\/CHIT1-ALS-1024x433.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/files\/2018\/04\/CHIT1-ALS-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/files\/2018\/04\/CHIT1-ALS-768x325.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-615\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1. Chitotriosidase and microglial activation in ALS.<\/strong> Colocalisation of CHIT1 with microglia and macrophages markers in the spinal cord of ALS patients.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This study confirmed higher levels of CHIT1 in the CSF of ALS patients compared with ALS mimics and other neurodegenerative diseases, potentially originating due to microglial activation in the spinal cord of ALS patients. This interesting finding may suggest that microglial activation is an essential feature of ALS pathogenesis, and a possible therapeutic target. Further cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are now needed to define the potential use of CHIT1 as an ALS biomarker, confirm these findings and define the specific criteria for CHIT1 increase in disease and changes during disease progression. Finally, it would be fundamental to define its utility in patient stratification, especially for clinical trials focused on immunomodulatory strategies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Read more at<strong> http:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/content\/89\/3\/239<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; In the last few years, the role of neuroinflammation has been established as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in ALS, activated microglia contribute to the non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration of the motor neurons. Moreover, there is no doubt that biomarkers for ALS diagnosis, prognosis and clinical trial stratification are needed. In [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/2018\/04\/11\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":297,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS - JNNP blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/2018\/04\/11\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS - JNNP blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; In the last few years, the role of neuroinflammation has been established as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in ALS, activated microglia contribute to the non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration of the motor neurons. Moreover, there is no doubt that biomarkers for ALS diagnosis, prognosis and clinical trial stratification are needed. In [...]Read More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/2018\/04\/11\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JNNP blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-04-11T01:42:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/files\/2018\/04\/CHIT1-ALS-1024x433.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Jos\u00e9 Manuel Matamala, JNNP web editor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Jos\u00e9 Manuel Matamala, JNNP web editor.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Jos\u00e9 Manuel Matamala, JNNP web editor.\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ae8ff1db7900136065ad542015291a0b\"},\"headline\":\"Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-11T01:42:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":392,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/CHIT1-ALS-1024x433.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS - JNNP blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/CHIT1-ALS-1024x433.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-11T01:42:19+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/CHIT1-ALS.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/CHIT1-ALS.jpg\",\"width\":2295,\"height\":970,\"caption\":\"Figure 1. Chitotriosidase and microglial activation in ALS. Colocalisation of CHIT1 with microglia and macrophages markers in the spinal cord of ALS patients.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/11\\\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/jnnp\\\/\",\"name\":\"JNNP blog\",\"description\":\"The official JNNP blog. 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Chitotriosidase and microglial activation in ALS. Colocalisation of CHIT1 with microglia and macrophages markers in the spinal cord of ALS patients."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/2018\/04\/11\/chitotriosidase-neuroinflammation-and-als\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chitotriosidase, neuroinflammation and ALS"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/jnnp\/","name":"JNNP blog","description":"The official JNNP blog. 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