{"id":2043,"date":"2020-08-03T12:30:39","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T11:30:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/?p=2043"},"modified":"2020-08-03T14:57:24","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T13:57:24","slug":"beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/","title":{"rendered":"Beach lifeguards save lives with data \u2013 current status and future directions"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Authors: William Koon, Andrew Schmidt,\u202f<\/sup>Ana Catarina\u00a0Queiroga, Justin\u00a0Sempsrott, David\u00a0Szpilman,\u202f<\/sup>Jonathon Webber, Robert W. Brander.<\/p>\n

Article: https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2020\/07\/31\/injuryprev-2020-043793.abstract?ct=<\/p>\n

What is the first thing that comes\u00a0to mind\u00a0when you think\u00a0of\u00a0beach lifeguards?\u00a0A\u00a0particular\u00a0Hollywood theme song<\/a>?\u00a0A\u00a0bronzed Aussie\u00a0from\u00a0Bondi Rescue<\/a>\u00a0saving someone from\u00a0a\u00a0rip current?\u00a0How\u00a0about\u2026\u00a0data collector?<\/p>\n

Beach\u00a0lifeguards,\u00a0in addition to\u00a0many\u00a0other responsibilities,\u00a0record\u00a0lots of\u00a0data\u00a0related to their\u00a0daily\u00a0activities and beach conditions. This\u00a0information\u00a0not only\u00a0guides beach safety\u00a0operations but\u00a0is also used by researchers who study beach hazards, drowning, and other injuries.\u00a0Lifeguard data has been used in\u00a0drowning research\u00a0since the 1980s<\/a>, and a few challenges have previously been identified<\/a>. However, what and how that information is recorded hasn\u2019t been formally examined until now.<\/p>\n

As researchers involved in\u00a0beach safety and drowning prevention, we have\u00a0long\u00a0been interested in high-quality data.\u00a0Through increased\u00a0international collaborations\u00a0(thanks to organizations like IDRA<\/a>!),\u00a0we discovered\u00a0that a\u00a0common\u00a0barrier\u00a0to our projects\u00a0was the varied\u00a0data\u00a0quality and collection practices\u00a0that exist across\u00a0lifeguard\u00a0organizations.\u00a0So, we set out\u00a0to characterize how lifeguards around the world are recording information to identify where and how consistency can be improved in the future to drive data-driven, evidence-based practices.<\/p>\n

Through an interconnected\u00a0network of drowning prevention researchers<\/a>, we surveyed 55\u00a0beach\u00a0lifeguard\u00a0leaders (i.e.<\/em>\u00a0chiefs, supervisors,\u00a0managers)\u00a0from 12 countries.\u00a0We found two major themes:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. There is a wide range of data recording practices, including what data to record in the first place.\u00a0From gathering information on beach conditions to recording beach attendance and logging important information about lifeguard activities such as rescues, what is collected, how it is defined, and the methods by which the record is made, varies.<\/li>\n
  2. Challenges in lifeguard data collection include difficulties with staff training and diligence of employees to collect data, inconsistency in methodologies and definitions, and the operational time it takes for documentation. These challenges have led lifeguard leaders to express some levels of uncertainty regarding the\u00a0accuracy of their data.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    This led us to outline three broad areas for improvement:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Development of\u00a0standardized \u2018case\u2019 definitions for lifeguards <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Evidence from\u00a0the\u00a0survey\u00a0results\u00a0underscored\u00a0the\u00a0need for consensus-based definitions of relevant lifeguard data terms.\u00a0Lifeguard leaders reported multiple definitions\u00a0of\u00a0“rescue” in this survey.\u00a0For many, physical assistance from a lifeguard delineates\u00a0rescue from other activities, however, others count only the most serious events as rescues, using descriptors like\u00a0“life-threatening”\u00a0or \u201cimminent peril”.\u00a0Without standardization,\u00a0comparisons between organizations become difficult and unreliable. Even our dataset\u00a0fell victim to limitations from\u00a0non-standardized definitions!\u00a0Responses\u00a0to\u00a0our\u00a0questions\u00a0about rescues\u00a0were\u00a0dependent on\u00a0the respondent\u2019s\u00a0interpretation.\u00a0The result was information on incidents of\u00a0varied\u00a0severity and response,\u00a0a\u00a0mixed\u00a0basket of apples and oranges.\u00a0Defining relevant terms and identifying core and supplemental data variables to be collected (the effort to define \u2018drowning<\/a>\u2019 might be one model to follow) could make lifeguards more efficient in their operations and greatly assist research activities.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Recording of\u00a0time-stamped lifeguard activity<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Another important consideration for the lifeguard community is the recording of individual time-stamped lifeguard events, particularly rescues, in as near-real-time as possible. Individual records, as opposed to summary counts per day or per week,\u00a0create richer datasets which allow\u00a0for\u00a0more\u00a0robust research. Time-stamped records allow for linkage to other systems, such as\u00a0hospital\/ambulance\u00a0records\u00a0or weather\/ocean monitoring systems, which is vital for hazard identification and evaluating beach factors with outcomes. Recording data in near-real-time, as opposed to at the end of the day,\u00a0reduces reporting error due to recall bias\u00a0which was a\u00a0limitation to data accuracy\u00a0identified by respondents from this\u00a0survey.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Transition from manual-based to technology-based data recording<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          New technology, and innovative uses of existing technology,\u00a0has the potential to reduce documentation\u00a0workload for\u00a0lifeguards\u00a0in the field,\u00a0provide timely updates on activity\u00a0for managers and decision-makers,\u00a0and allow for seamless automatic linkage to other data systems, streamlining the two previous recommendations. While technological solutions\u00a0are being implemented in Hawaii<\/a>, California<\/a> and Australia<\/a>, standardization across the beach lifeguard industry, especially regarding case definitions, should remain a priority.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          A far cry from Baywatch drama, beach lifeguards\u00a0are highly\u00a0skilled, mostly young, men and women who put themselves at risk to\u00a0keep others safe. They work in dynamic environments\u00a0most\u00a0people\u00a0are not equipped to handle\u00a0(See\u00a0this lifeguard rescue video<\/a>\u00a0and acquaint yourself with\u00a0Ben Carlson<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0Ross and Andrew Powell<\/a>\u00a0if you have any preconceived notions about the seriousness of beach lifeguard work).\u00a0On top of it all, they record important data that\u00a0informs\u00a0decisions and research related to safety\u00a0and\u00a0the environment. This project represents a first step\u00a0in identifying areas where lifeguard data could be improved, with the ultimate goal of more effectively preventing drowning and other injuries on beaches.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Authors: William Koon, Andrew Schmidt,\u202fAna Catarina\u00a0Queiroga, Justin\u00a0Sempsrott, David\u00a0Szpilman,\u202fJonathon Webber, Robert W. Brander. Article: https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2020\/07\/31\/injuryprev-2020-043793.abstract?ct= What is the first thing that comes\u00a0to mind\u00a0when you think\u00a0of\u00a0beach lifeguards?\u00a0A\u00a0particular\u00a0Hollywood theme song?\u00a0A\u00a0bronzed Aussie\u00a0from\u00a0Bondi Rescue\u00a0saving someone from\u00a0a\u00a0rip current?\u00a0How\u00a0about\u2026\u00a0data collector? Beach\u00a0lifeguards,\u00a0in addition to\u00a0many\u00a0other responsibilities,\u00a0record\u00a0lots of\u00a0data\u00a0related to their\u00a0daily\u00a0activities and beach conditions. This\u00a0information\u00a0not only\u00a0guides beach safety\u00a0operations but\u00a0is also used by researchers who study beach […]<\/p>\n

          Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":389,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nBeach lifeguards save lives with data \u2013 current status and future directions - Injury Prevention: Editor's Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Beach lifeguards save lives with data \u2013 current status and future directions - Injury Prevention: Editor's Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Authors: William Koon, Andrew Schmidt,\u202fAna Catarina\u00a0Queiroga, Justin\u00a0Sempsrott, David\u00a0Szpilman,\u202fJonathon Webber, Robert W. Brander. Article: https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2020\/07\/31\/injuryprev-2020-043793.abstract?ct= What is the first thing that comes\u00a0to mind\u00a0when you think\u00a0of\u00a0beach lifeguards?\u00a0A\u00a0particular\u00a0Hollywood theme song?\u00a0A\u00a0bronzed Aussie\u00a0from\u00a0Bondi Rescue\u00a0saving someone from\u00a0a\u00a0rip current?\u00a0How\u00a0about\u2026\u00a0data collector? Beach\u00a0lifeguards,\u00a0in addition to\u00a0many\u00a0other responsibilities,\u00a0record\u00a0lots of\u00a0data\u00a0related to their\u00a0daily\u00a0activities and beach conditions. 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Brander. Article: https:\/\/injuryprevention.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2020\/07\/31\/injuryprev-2020-043793.abstract?ct= What is the first thing that comes\u00a0to mind\u00a0when you think\u00a0of\u00a0beach lifeguards?\u00a0A\u00a0particular\u00a0Hollywood theme song?\u00a0A\u00a0bronzed Aussie\u00a0from\u00a0Bondi Rescue\u00a0saving someone from\u00a0a\u00a0rip current?\u00a0How\u00a0about\u2026\u00a0data collector? Beach\u00a0lifeguards,\u00a0in addition to\u00a0many\u00a0other responsibilities,\u00a0record\u00a0lots of\u00a0data\u00a0related to their\u00a0daily\u00a0activities and beach conditions. This\u00a0information\u00a0not only\u00a0guides beach safety\u00a0operations but\u00a0is also used by researchers who study beach [...]Read More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/","og_site_name":"Injury Prevention: Editor's Blog","article_published_time":"2020-08-03T11:30:39+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-08-03T13:57:24+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/files\/2020\/08\/lifeguard-1-300x200.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/"},"author":{"name":"","@id":""},"headline":"Beach lifeguards save lives with data \u2013 current status and future directions","datePublished":"2020-08-03T11:30:39+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-03T13:57:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/"},"wordCount":821,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/files\/2020\/08\/lifeguard-1-300x200.jpg","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/injury-prevention\/2020\/08\/03\/beach-lifeguards-save-lives-with-data-current-status-and-future-directions\/","name":"Beach lifeguards save lives with data \u2013 current status and future directions - 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