{"id":144,"date":"2020-04-23T07:31:18","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T07:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/covid-19\/?p=144"},"modified":"2020-04-23T07:31:18","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T07:31:18","slug":"oops-mistakes-and-moral-responsibility-under-covid19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/covid-19\/2020\/04\/23\/oops-mistakes-and-moral-responsibility-under-covid19\/","title":{"rendered":"Oops!\u00a0 Mistakes and moral responsibility under COVID19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By Neil Pickering<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve been pondering for some time about the use of the term \u2018mistake\u2019 to describe one\u2019s actions, and this has been brought to the fore again by actions of government ministers during the COVID 19 pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>The BBC recently reported on the case of Dr Catherine Calderwood, Scotland&#8217;s chief medical officer.\u00a0 Calderwood made journeys to her holiday home during the COVID-19 crisis, despite fronting a government campaign telling people not to do such things.\u00a0 In the end, Dr Calderwood resigned, but initially she intended to stay, and was backed by Scotland\u2019s First Minister Nicola Sturgeon who thought \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-scotland-52177171\">Dr Calderwood had made a mistake but should stay in her job<\/a>\u201d.\u00a0 New Zealand Minister of Health, David Clark, also broke his own government\u2019s rules, driving his family 20km for a walk during the first weekend of the COVID-19 Alert level 4 measures.\u00a0 He was reported by New Zealand media company Stuff as saying \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stuff.co.nz\/national\/politics\/120859271\/health-minister-stripped-of-portfolios-after-taking-beach-trip-amid-lockdown\">I have got this completely wrong, I have made a mistake<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>I can think of other examples too.<\/p>\n<p>I recall that one All Black, after he had had sex with a woman in an airport toilet, said afterwards that he had made a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stuff.co.nz\/sport\/rugby\/all-blacks\/90885042\/highlanders-halfback-aaron-smith-opens-up-about-massive-mistake\">massive mistake<\/a>\u201d.\u00a0 Another All Black also described himself as having made a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/sport\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=4&amp;objectid=11846936\">big mistake<\/a>\u201d when he purchased drugs on the Champs-Elysees in Paris.<\/p>\n<p>But are these mistakes?\u00a0 I think of other circumstances when I would unhesitatingly use the word:\u00a0 for example when someone makes an arithmetical error, or mispronounces a word.\u00a0 In these cases, for the most part, people did not set out to do the sum wrongly or to mispronounce the word.<\/p>\n<p>Given the use of the term \u2018mistake\u2019 in the latter sort of case, I can\u2019t help feeling that it is being misused in the former sort of case.\u00a0 Yes, it is a mistake when you add two numbers instead of multiplying them, for example.\u00a0 But is it really a mistake when you deliberately enter a toilet and have sex with someone who is not your partner, or when you deliberately purchase an illicit substance, or when you get in a car and drive to your holiday home or for a walk against the advice you have yourself been giving others?\u00a0 Why does the use of the term \u2018mistake\u2019 seem suspicious in these cases?<\/p>\n<p>Of course, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailywritingtips.com\/when-is-a-mistake-not-a-mistake\/\">words such as mistake are not well-defined<\/a>.\u00a0 We\u2019d expect the word mistake to cover a range of different examples.\u00a0 Yet we notice when a term is used in a challenging or extended way, in poetry for example.\u00a0 Even if, with some ordinary language philosophers, we regard the use of a word as showing what it means, we can still identify cases where a use seems a stretch.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, when I think about the two kinds of case \u2013 the mistake in arithmetic, and the mistake in purchasing illegal drugs \u2013 the boundary I sense between them seems to become porous or soft.\u00a0 In fact, both cases involve intentional acts, which break known rules or laws.\u00a0 Someone who knowingly purchases drugs illegally is acting intentionally, and against a law they know to be in place.\u00a0 Someone who mistakenly adds two numbers instead of multiplying them, is also acting intentionally, and they also know that there is a law about how to read the symbols of arithmetic.\u00a0 Of course, the law in the case of the arithmetical mistake is a law of mathematics, and not a law of the land, and the penalty is a wrong answer, not a fine or worse.\u00a0 Nonetheless, it would be odd to say in most cases that the person making the arithmetical mistake intended to multiply the two numbers but unintentionally added them instead.<\/p>\n<p>Consider a mistake in a more complex activity such as chess, or rugby itself.\u00a0 You can make a mistake in chess by moving in such a way as to lead to your own eventual defeat.\u00a0 You can make a mistake in rugby by choosing to hold on to the ball instead of pass it, in circumstances where (as it turns out) a try would have been scored in all probability if you\u2019d passed the ball.\u00a0 Again, these are reasonably designated mistakes, but take the form of intentional acts.\u00a0 That is why we attribute the mistake to the chess player or rugby player in question rather than to bad luck or fate.<\/p>\n<p>So is the only real difference between the cases the seriousness of the consequences and the content of the action?\u00a0 Are buying illegal drugs and making losing chess moves basically the same sort of thing, just differing in the social consequences \u2013 being caught by the police and exposed to public questioning about your morality, on the one hand, or losing a chess match on the other hand.<\/p>\n<p>I don\u2019t think so.\u00a0 The choice of the word mistake to describe the cases of having sex in an airport toilet, or buying illicit drugs, or breaking the COVID-19 lockdown advice of the government you represent, is deliberate.\u00a0 It is designed to purloin something the more usual use of the term mistake offers you for free.\u00a0 In the usual cases, the mistake appears in the context of a wider intention to do the right thing:\u00a0 to get the sum correct, to win the game of chess, to score a try.\u00a0 These intentions are more defining of the person than the mistakes they make, even though they undermine the achievement of the person\u2019s aims.<\/p>\n<p>The person who deliberately flouts norms of professional behaviour, or of the law, doesn\u2019t want this to define them.\u00a0 The word mistake is used in an attempt to distance the action from the actor.\u00a0 I can\u2019t say I blame anyone for wanting to do this; it is wholly understandable.\u00a0 I can imagine wanting to do the same if the circumstances arose.\u00a0 Nicola Sturgeon wanted to keep Dr Calderwood in her job.\u00a0 So she chose the word \u2018mistake\u2019 to categorise Calderwood\u2019s actions with this in mind.<\/p>\n<p>The word helps to maintain the idea that the person\u2019s good intentions and their good character are intact. \u00a0The use of the word may play this role for the person him or herself.\u00a0 But the audience for whom the use of the word mistake is intended should be alert.\u00a0 Calling something a mistake may not imply that it was unintentional, but it does imply an attempt to attenuate the link between the act and actor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Author:<\/strong>\u00a0 Neil Pickering<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affiliation:<\/strong>\u00a0 Bioethics Centre, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago<\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0 None<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Neil Pickering I\u2019ve been pondering for some time about the use of the term \u2018mistake\u2019 to describe one\u2019s actions, and this has been brought to the fore again by actions of government ministers during the COVID 19 pandemic. The BBC recently reported on the case of Dr Catherine Calderwood, Scotland&#8217;s chief medical officer.\u00a0 Calderwood [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/covid-19\/2020\/04\/23\/oops-mistakes-and-moral-responsibility-under-covid19\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":383,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,94,95,131],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-of-medical-ethics","category-medical-ethics","category-pandemic","category-philosophy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Oops!\u00a0 Mistakes and moral responsibility under COVID19 - Coronavirus (COVID-19) Blog Posts Collection - BMJ Journals<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/medical-ethics\/2020\/04\/22\/oops-mistakes-and-moral-responsibility-under-covid19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oops!\u00a0 Mistakes and moral responsibility under COVID19 - Coronavirus (COVID-19) Blog Posts Collection - BMJ Journals\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Neil Pickering I\u2019ve been pondering for some time about the use of the term \u2018mistake\u2019 to describe one\u2019s actions, and this has been brought to the fore again by actions of government ministers during the COVID 19 pandemic. 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