{"id":1753,"date":"2022-11-03T11:17:59","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmjopen\/?p=1753"},"modified":"2022-11-03T11:17:59","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T11:17:59","slug":"poor-quality-sleep-may-be-linked-to-heightened-risk-of-irreversible-sight-loss-glaucoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmjopen\/2022\/11\/03\/poor-quality-sleep-may-be-linked-to-heightened-risk-of-irreversible-sight-loss-glaucoma\/","title":{"rendered":"Poor quality sleep may be linked to heightened risk of irreversible sight loss (glaucoma)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Findings underscore need for sleep therapy in those at risk + eye checks in poor sleepers<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Poor quality sleep, including too much or too little shut eye, daytime sleepiness, and snoring, may be linked to a heightened risk of developing irreversible sight loss (glaucoma), suggests a large <a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/12\/11\/e063676\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UK Biobank study<\/a> published in the open access journal\u00a0<em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMJ Open<\/a><\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The findings underscore the need for sleep therapy in people at high risk of the disease as well as eye checks among those with chronic sleep disorders to check for early signs of glaucoma, conclude the researchers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and will likely affect an estimated 112 million people worldwide by 2040. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Characterised by progressive loss of light sensitive cells in the eye and optic nerve damage, its causes and contributory factors are still poorly understood. But if left untreated, glaucoma can progress to irreversible blindness.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">While population screening may not be cost effective, targeted screening of high-risk groups might be, suggest the researchers. And previously published research suggests that sleep disorders may be an important risk factor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">To explore these issues further, the researchers set out to ascertain the risk of glaucoma among people with different sleep behaviours: insomnia; too much or too little sleep; night or morning chronotypes (\u2018owls\u2019 or \u2018larks\u2019); daytime sleepiness; and snoring.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">They drew on 409,053 participants in the UK Biobank, all of whom were aged between 40 and 69 in 2006-10 when recruited, and who had provided details of their sleep behaviours.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Sleep duration was defined as normal (7 to less than 9 hours\/day) and as too little or too much, outside this range. Chronotype was defined according to whether the person described themselves as more of a morning lark or night owl.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Insomnia severity\u2014trouble falling asleep at night or frequent waking\u2014was classified as never\/sometimes or usually, whereas subjective daytime sleepiness was categorised as never\/rarely, sometimes, or frequent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Background information on potentially influential factors was retrieved from the questionnaires filled in at recruitment: age (average 57), sex, race\/ethnicity, educational attainment, lifestyle, weight (BMI), and residential area level of deprivation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Medical records and death registration data were used to track the health and survival of all the participants until a first diagnosis of glaucoma (hospital admission), death, emigration, or the end of the monitoring period (31 March 2021), whichever came first.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">During an average monitoring period of just over 10.5 years, 8690 cases of glaucoma were identified.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Those with glaucoma tended to be older and more likely to be male, an ever smoker, and to have high blood pressure or diabetes than those who weren\u2019t diagnosed with the disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">With the exception of chronotype, the other four sleep patterns\/behaviours were all associated with varying degrees of heightened glaucoma risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Short or long sleep duration was associated with an 8% heightened risk; insomnia 12%; snoring 4%; and frequent daytime sleepiness (20%).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">And compared with those with a healthy sleep pattern, snorers and those who experienced daytime sleepiness were 10% more likely to have glaucoma, while insomniacs and those with a short\/long sleep duration pattern were 13% more likely to have it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The results were similar when categorised by different types of glaucoma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">This is an observational study, and as such, can\u2019t establish cause. The study relied on self report rather than objective measurement and reflected one point in time only, acknowledge the researchers. Glaucoma might itself influence sleep patterns, rather than the other way round, they add.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">But there are potentially plausible biological explanations for the associations found between sleep disturbance and glaucoma, say the researchers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The internal pressure of the eye, a key factor in the development of glaucoma, rises when a person is lying down and when sleep hormones are out of kilter, as occurs in insomnia, explain the researchers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Depression and anxiety, which often go hand in hand with insomnia, may also increase the internal eye pressure, possibly because of dysregulated cortisol production, they suggest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Similarly, repetitive or prolonged episodes of low levels of cellular oxygen, caused by sleep apnoea (sudden stopping of breathing during sleep), might cause direct damage to the optic nerve, it has been suggested.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u201cAs sleep behaviours are modifiable, these findings underscore the necessity of sleep intervention for individuals at high risk of glaucoma and potential ophthalmologic screening among individuals with chronic sleep problems to help prevent glaucoma,\u201d conclude the researchers.<\/span><!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Findings underscore need for sleep therapy in those at risk + eye checks in poor sleepers Poor quality sleep, including too much or too little shut eye, daytime sleepiness, and snoring, may be linked to a heightened risk of developing irreversible sight loss (glaucoma), suggests a large UK Biobank study published in the open access [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmjopen\/2022\/11\/03\/poor-quality-sleep-may-be-linked-to-heightened-risk-of-irreversible-sight-loss-glaucoma\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":406,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[511,15012],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-in-the-news","category-press-release"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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