{"id":51160,"date":"2021-10-19T16:25:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T15:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=51160"},"modified":"2021-10-21T18:39:29","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T17:39:29","slug":"setting-up-a-vaccination-programme-for-immunocompromised-patients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/10\/19\/setting-up-a-vaccination-programme-for-immunocompromised-patients\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting up a vaccination programme for immunocompromised patients"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On 1 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">September 2021 the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) recommended that certain patients aged 12 and over, who were thought to be immuno-suppressed (through disease or medication) around the time of their first two doses of covid-19 vaccine, should be offered a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/third-primary-covid-19-vaccine-dose-for-people-who-are-immunosuppressed-jcvi-advice\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">third primary dose<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> eight weeks after their second dose. There has been considerable confusion about these third primary doses as they are different from the booster doses that many people who are now over six months after their second dose are being offered. Many patients have reported they have been unable to obtain their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/10\/15\/covid-19-vaccines-patients-left-confused-over-rollout-of-third-primary-doses\/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_term=hootsuite&amp;utm_content=sme&amp;utm_campaign=usage\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">third primary dose<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">; or have only obtained it after a lengthy dialogue with NHS clinicians and managers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are a number of steps that could be followed to safely implement the third primary vaccine dose programme for immunocompromised patients in England\u2019s NHS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Identify your target population. This is an essential first step in any vaccination programme (or in any public health programme). Identifying the target population requires searching NHS medical records held by hospitals and general practices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical diagnoses (such as renal transplant) have to be turned into lists of clinical codes. This requires collaboration between hospital doctors, GPs, other health professionals and health informatics specialists to produce the code lists based on the ICD-10, SNOMED, and Read clinical codes that are used by NHS organisations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patients need to be identified who were prescribed medications around the time of their first two doses of covid-19 vaccine that have been identified by the JCVI and specialist groups as possibly leading to a weaker response to their vaccinations. This might not be possible for GPs to do if they did not prescribe the medication themselves, as is the case for many specialised drugs used for these patients.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There needs to be adequate consultation with organisation such as NHS Digital, general practices, primary care networks, specialist medical societies, and patient organisations (for example, Versus Arthritis, Blood Cancer UK, Crohn\u2019s &amp; Colitis UK and Kidney Care UK amongst others).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once an agreed form of words and a unified approach have been reached, there should be a clear public health announcement via reputable sources, and NHS web pages should be made available with clear easy to understand information and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1EMrjY58zn5VkCvquNknOQ-UfeR7TCja1\/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=101959732779909901194&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">FAQs for clinicians<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, patient support organisations, and the public. Clinicians and their teams should ideally be made aware of any announcements from NHS England before the public so that they are able to answer queries from patients, parents, and carers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those working at NHS 119, vaccine sites, or the national covid-19 vaccine call centres must be fully briefed and updated on significant changes before any announcements are made, so that patients calling with queries or to book their third primary doses are not met with a confused response and a lack of a clear process on how to access their vaccines (which damages public trust and confidence, and increases vaccine hesitancy).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Programmes that use clinical codes to search NHS medical records have to be written. These require testing and debugging to make sure they work correctly on each different clinical record system used by the NHS. The NHS does not have a unified electronic medical record system and individual NHS Trusts and general practices will have different systems. These programmes need to be written centrally wherever possible to prevent local areas producing their own versions that may differ from each other and thus not identify patients correctly. This is more straightforward for general practices than hospitals because most general practices mainly use of one two electronic medical record systems (EMIS or SystmOne). The situation is more complex in NHS hospitals because of the many different IT systems used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once the programmes are written, they need to be run by local NHS teams as it seems that NHS England is not yet able to run these searches centrally for all of England. In the case of general practices, local CCGs or GP Federations should be able to run the searches to identify patients. Hospitals will also need to run searches to identify eligible patients. The NHS should also make use of national disease registers, such as the NHS Blood and Transplant registry, for patient identification wherever possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of patients generated by the programmes have to be cleaned to remove duplicates and any patients identified in error. Patients who may be unsuitable for vaccination such as the extremely frail or terminally ill need to be removed from the lists. Local NHS teams also need to consider how they approach patients who may have previously refused vaccination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patients then need to be contacted about the vaccinations. Most general practices are no longer involved in the covid-19 vaccination programme. These invitations therefore need to come from organisations that are offering covid-19 vaccines. This might include hospital clinics, NHS vaccine centres, or GP-led vaccine hubs in areas where GPs are still offering covid-19 vaccines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IT systems that record cCovid-19 vaccinations (such as Pinnacle) need to be able to record the third primary dose correctly; so that it is not recorded as a standard booster dose or as another first or second dose. This ensures the patient\u2019s vaccination status is accurate, that audits can be done accurately and that recalls can be generated for a booster in six months. Details of the vaccination also needs to be uploaded correctly into the patients\u2019 usual electronic health record.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The NHS app needs to correctly display that this is indeed a third primary dose, and that the patient is fully vaccinated; and IT systems need to ensure that the patients can then also be invited for their booster dose (effectively, a fourth vaccine dose for this special group of patients) in due course (typically likely to be six months after the third primary dose). A system for recording vaccines given abroad should also be made available.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patients must remember that in most parts of England, general practices cannot offer a covid-19 vaccine or book an appointment for one. In these circumstances, NHS 119 or local NHS covid-19 vaccine centre need to do this. To make access to vaccinations easier for patients, the NHS should ensure that a large number of locations are offering vaccinations so that patients can receive these close to home and do not have to travel long distances. Arrangements for vaccination also need to be made for the residents of care homes and for people who are housebound.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NHS medical records are not always accurate or up to date. Each local area needs to have a named person who patients can contact if they feel they have been missed off the list incorrectly; or to help patients who continue to have any difficulties booking appointments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to provide a booster (fourth) dose for this group after six months, around April 2022, NHS IT systems need to be accurate and record third primary doses correctly and not as booster doses. This will ensure that this vulnerable group of patients do not experience further difficulties or delays in booking these appointments.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All these steps could have been better planned and communicated by NHS England; which would have made the process clearer for frontline NHS staff; as well as making it easier and less stressful for patients to receive their third primary Covid-19 vaccine dose. A well-planned and implemented vaccine programme maintains confidence in the vaccine programme which may reduce <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/373\/bmj.n1138\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">vaccine hesitancy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and helps patients and clinicians alike, improving vaccine uptake and reducing pressures on the NHS. It is essential that the problems experienced by immunocompromised patients in accessing their third primary Covid-19 vaccine doses are not repeated, appropriate lessons learned and steps taken by NHS England to ensure accurate recording of vaccinations and recall for future vaccinations for our most vulnerable patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Azeem Majeed<\/strong>, Professor of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Twitter <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Azeem_Majeed\">@Azeem_Majeed<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><i>Simon Hodes<\/i><\/strong><em>, NHS GP Partner, Watford, UK and private general practitioner at the Cleveland Clinic London. Twitter <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/drsimonhodes?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/twitter.com\/drsimonhodes?lang%3Den&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1634744837534000&amp;usg=AFQjCNHaIaC7q-KE8mAX4bnGjz9fSJlFqQ\">@DrSimonHodes<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Fiona Loud<\/strong>, Policy Director, Kidney Care UK, Twitter <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/fionacloud?lang=en\">@FionaCLoud<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Liz Lightstone<\/strong>, Professor of Renal Medicine, Imperial College London, Twitter <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/kidneydoc101\">@kidneydoc101<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Competing Interests<\/strong>: We have read and understood the BMJ policy on declaration of interests. AM and SH are GPs and have supported the NHS covid-19 vaccination programme. LL is a nephrologist who has supported the NHS covid-19 vaccination programme and is actively researching vaccine responses in immunocompromised patients. FL works for a kidney patient support charity which supports the NHS covid-19 vaccination programme. We have no other competing interests.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Acknowledgements<\/strong>: AM is supported by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration NW London. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 1 September 2021 the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) recommended that certain patients aged 12 and over, who were thought to be immuno-suppressed (through disease or medication) [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/10\/19\/setting-up-a-vaccination-programme-for-immunocompromised-patients\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":51161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18881,236],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-archive","category-nhs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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