{"id":51117,"date":"2021-10-11T11:29:44","date_gmt":"2021-10-11T10:29:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=51117"},"modified":"2021-10-21T11:36:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T10:36:42","slug":"exercise-alice-the-uk-government-did-test-the-response-to-a-coronavirus-but-why-are-we-only-discovering-this-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/10\/11\/exercise-alice-the-uk-government-did-test-the-response-to-a-coronavirus-but-why-are-we-only-discovering-this-now\/","title":{"rendered":"Exercise Alice: the UK government tested the response to a coronavirus, but why are we only discovering this now?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"standfirst\">If we don\u2019t seem to have learned much from Exercise Alice, what can we learn from the attempts to conceal it, asks Martin McKee<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The official inquiry into the UK\u2019s handling of the covid-19 pandemic will have a long list of things to consider. This week, another item was added to that list. Previously, it seemed that one reason why the response was so problematic was that when ministers dusted off the plans for a pandemic all they had was one for influenza. Matt Hancock, the former secretary of state for health and social care said as much when asked by MPs, replying <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/373\/bmj.n1501\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cFamously, all the preparations and the plans that were in place were for a flu pandemic.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Indeed the department of health and social care had invoked this argument to justify its failure to act on recommendations from the previously secret report of the 2016 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/927770\/exercise-cygnus-report.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exercise Cygnus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which tested the response to pandemic influenza\u00a0 and had highlighted many weaknesses in the UK\u2019s preparedness.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, with the utmost reluctance, the department of health and social care has now conceded that was not exactly true. In 2016, Public Health England (PHE) had undertaken <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cygnusreports.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Report-Exercise-Alice-Middle-East-Respiratory-Syndrome-15-Feb-2016.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exercise Alice<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a one day table top exercise to identify any challenges to managing any cases reaching Britain of another coronavirus, MERS-CoV, thought to have originated in the Arabian peninsula, and which had caused major outbreaks in some other countries, in particular South Korea. Now, after <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cygnusreports.org\/timeline\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">persistent efforts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by an NHS doctor, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moosa Qureshi, the partially redacted report of that exercise has been released. Its release followed Qureshi\u2019s warning that he would appeal PHE\u2019s refusal to release it to the Information Commissioner, challenging PHE\u2019s argument that publication <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201ccould precipitate an unnecessary heightened public concern that could lead to loss of public confidence in the Government\u2019s and the NHS\u2019s covid-19 response.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Does this matter? It is possible to argue that the report\u2019s recommendations were not especially relevant to covid. MERS and covid-19 are both caused by coronaviruses, but ones that behave quite differently. Covid is much more transmissible and, crucially, is spread by people who are asymptomatic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, many of its recommendations do seem applicable. For example, the report raised the issue of checks at borders, worryingly noting that \u201cthe participants did not find an answer to this and recommended that this required more exploration.\u201d Yet SAGE <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm5801\/cmselect\/cmhaff\/563\/56306.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">did not discuss border control measures<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> until 28<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0April 2020 and restrictions were only introduced on 8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> June 2020.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contact tracing and isolation was another area where clarity was found to be lacking, and \u201cTerminology was used interchangeably.\u201d The report continues, \u201cThe group did not resolve the quarantine\/self isolation issue.\u201d It recommended an assessment of the costs and benefits of different regimes for cases and contacts. Yet, when the covid pandemic came there was a long delay, to 28<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0May 2020, before the test and trace service was launched and even now many questions remain about its performance. From the beginning, support for isolation, highlighted as an issue in the report, has been a particular weakness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another issue raised was use of personal protective equipment (PPE), with concerns about whether frontline staff had adequate training and whether supplies were adequate. It seems superfluous to note that this does not seem to have been followed up.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is possible that some of the other recommendations were acted upon. For example, a paper that was called for to bring together lessons from Korea\u2019s experience may have been written. If so, it could take another monumental effort to obtain it. The UK does have excellent community surveys, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/medicine\/research-and-impact\/groups\/react-study\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">REACT<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/surveys\/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals\/householdandindividualsurveys\/covid19infectionsurvey\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ONS COVID Infection<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> studies, but how much they owe to Exercise Alice is unclear.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So if we don\u2019t seem to have learned much from Exercise Alice, what can we learn from the attempts to conceal it?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are legitimate grounds for withholding some documents on measures to counter threats to health. These include measures against hostile activity, for example cyber attacks, such as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WannaCry_ransomware_attack\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WannaCry attack<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that disrupted large parts of the NHS in 2017, believed to have originated in North Korea. Similarly, we would expect that the government would withhold details of measures against <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1744-8603-6-21\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">organised crime<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijhpm.com\/article_3578.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">corruption<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, both activities that pose serious threats to health.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, it is hard to accept the argument that its publication could have damaged public confidence, at least not any more than the many other things that happened, from Dominic Cummings\u2019\u00a0 trip to Barnard Castle to the seemingly endless <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/goodlawproject.org\/news\/gov-publishes-40-ppe-contracts\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">procurement scandals<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. And if it had been published, there would have been pressure to respond to its recommendations, not least from the Commons Health Select Committee which worked hard to hold ministers to account.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a long history of secrecy being used to conceal political and administrative failures and the determined efforts to prevent the report of Exercise Alice seeing the light suggest that little has changed. Indeed, it may even be worse and British newspaper editors have <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-55988252\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">written collectively<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to demand an inquiry into a newly created Clearing House in the Cabinet Office that, despite ministerial protestations, is widely viewed as reducing transparency.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fact that its recommendations do seem to have been, at least largely, ignored is no surprise. It is widely recognised that large parts of the machinery of government were dysfunctional at the time as civil servants struggled to find meaning in the former UK prime minister Theresa May\u2019s Delphic statement that \u201cBrexit means Brexit.\u201d However, many of the weaknesses in the UK\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpubhealth\/article-abstract\/42\/4\/778\/5700760\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">governance arrangements<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> revealed by Brexit have, if anything, got worse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In May 2020, myself and others called for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/369\/bmj.m2052\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a rapid inquiry<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that could learn lessons from the first wave of the pandemic. That did not happen and mistakes continued to be made. Now, the UK prime minister Boris Johnson has conceded that there must be one, following pressure from bereaved families. However, he seems in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/bmj\/373\/bmj.n1309.full.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">no hurry to find out<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> what it has to say. It will not even start until Spring 2022, a delay Sir Jeremy Farrar, a government adviser, has described as a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/politics\/uk-covid-public-inquiry-johnson-b1886483.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">disgrace<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, when it does convene, it will have much to discuss.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The prime minister views himself as a historian. Perhaps he has forgotten that Richard Nixon\u2019s downfall after Watergate owed as much to the cover up as to the act itself.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Martin McKee<\/i><\/b><i>, Professor of European Public Health, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Competing interests<\/strong>: MMK is a member of Independent SAGE<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If we don\u2019t seem to have learned much from Exercise Alice, what can we learn from the attempts to conceal it, asks Martin McKee [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/10\/11\/exercise-alice-the-uk-government-did-test-the-response-to-a-coronavirus-but-why-are-we-only-discovering-this-now\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":51118,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14776,236],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-martin-mckee","category-nhs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exercise Alice: the UK government tested the response to a coronavirus, but why are we only discovering this now? 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