{"id":51020,"date":"2021-09-24T17:51:13","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T16:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=51020"},"modified":"2021-09-24T17:51:13","modified_gmt":"2021-09-24T16:51:13","slug":"ann-robinsons-research-reviews-24-september-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/09\/24\/ann-robinsons-research-reviews-24-september-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Ann Robinson\u2019s research reviews\u201424 September 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Raising urate levels in early Parkinson&#8217;s disease<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The quest for better treatments for Parkinson&#8217;s disease continues.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/article-abstract\/2784144\"> This small randomised trial of 298 people<\/a> with early disease found that treatment with urate-elevating inosine didn\u2019t fulfil its theoretical promise. The rationale is that circulating antioxidant urate may counter the oxidative damage to dopaminergic neurones that occurs in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parkinson&#8217;s disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Unfortunately, in this study, both the inosine and placebo groups showed steady disease progression, with no difference between them. There were more serious adverse effects in the placebo group although, predictably, more kidney stones in the inosine group (7.0 per 100 patient-years <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 1.4 per 100 patient-years in the placebo group). Urate-elevating treatments may still have a role, especially if given to susceptible individuals pre diagnosis, before extensive neuronal damage has occurred.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JAMA <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:10.1001\/jama.2021.10207<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Part time versus full time doctoring: what\u2019s best for patients?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/article-abstract\/2784166\">In this large US cross-sectional study of 392\u2009797 Medicare patients<\/a> aged over 65 years, who were admitted for emergency medical care and treated by 19\u202f170 hospital doctors, mortality rates were significantly lower among those treated by doctors who worked full time rather than part time (adjusted 30 day mortality for physicians in the bottom quartile of days worked clinically per year versus top quartile, 10.5% <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 9.6%). Readmission rates weren\u2019t affected by how much the clinician worked. Possible explanations for the apparent association between poorer patient outcomes and lower clinical workload include the difficulties in keeping up to date, remaining skilled, maintaining good teamwork within the hospital, and balancing other non-clinical duties. But it\u2019s an observational study with limited data, scope for confounders, no details about the reasons for doctors working part time, and no inclusion of younger or surgical patients. Conversely, some studies among outpatients have found that patients do better when cared for by part time doctors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JAMA Intern Med <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.5247<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Salt substitutes and stroke reduction<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Would introducing large-scale salt substitution reduce strokes and cardiovascular disease? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2105675?query=featured_home\">This important, large, randomised study in 600 rural villages in China<\/a> compared a salt substitute with regular salt among people who had already had a stroke (73%) and\/or were at increased risk of having a stroke as a result of being over 60 years old with high blood pressure (88%). Significantly lower rates of stroke (29.14 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 33.65 events per 1000 person-years), major cardiovascular events (49.09 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 56.29 events per 1000 person-years), and death (39.28 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 44.61 events per 1000 person-years) were found in the salt substitute group compared with the regular salt group. There were no obvious adverse effects, but hyperkalaemia may have been missed in some. High salt use in food preparation is a feature of low income countries and disadvantaged populations. Salt substitution may be cost effective and help to reduce health inequalities from cardiovascular disease in those settings. Findings might not be generalisable to urban and high income areas, and other interventions may be more effective, such as reducing our seemingly insatiable appetite for salty foods.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N Engl J Med <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa2105675<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Covid booster jabs: early results on effectiveness<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2114255?query=featured_home\">We have useful data from Israel<\/a>, where they\u2019re pressing ahead with a third Pfizer covid jab for people over 60 years old who had their second vaccine dose at least five months before the booster. Twelve days or more after the booster, rates of confirmed infection were lower in the booster group than in a matched non-booster group by a factor of 11.3 (absolute difference 86.6 infections per 100\u2009000 person-days), and the rate of severe illness was lower by a factor of 19.5 (absolute difference 7.5 cases per 100\u2009000 person-days). The booster was considered necessary to restore the vaccine to its previous 95% efficacy against the alpha variant now that waning immunity and increased prevalence of the delta variant have had a significant impact on its effectiveness. There were possible sources of bias; those who got the booster may be more proactive about their health than those who hadn\u2019t yet had a third jab.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N Engl J Med <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa2114255<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Four into one: quadpill as initial treatment of high blood pressure<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)01922-X\/fulltext?scrollTo=%23hl0001048\">This landmark study is the first known randomised trial<\/a> to show that a single pill containing quarter-dose quadruple combination (quadpill) of antihypertensive drugs given early in the treatment of patients with hypertension was more effective than starting patients on a single drug (monotherapy). The quadpill contained irbesartan (37.5\u2009mg), amlodipine (1.25\u2009mg), indapamide (0.625\u2009mg), and bisoprolol (2.5\u2009mg); and initial monotherapy was irbesartan 150\u2009mg and placebo tablets. At 12 months, the mean blood pressure was 121\/71\u2009mm\u2009Hg in the intervention group and 128\/76\u2009mm\u2009Hg in the control group. Good control (blood pressure &lt;140\/90) was maintained at 6 and 12 months in 76% (intervention group) and 81% (control group). There was no difference in adverse events between the two groups. The covid-19 pandemic affected recruitment to the trial, which limited the precision of some subgroup analyses, and there were no data on long term cardiovascular outcomes. But the sustained, safe, and effective lowering of blood pressure that was observed with the quad pill looks compelling.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lancet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01922-X<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Ann Robinson<\/strong> is an NHS GP and health writer and broadcaster.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Raising urate levels in early Parkinson&#8217;s disease The quest for better treatments for Parkinson&#8217;s disease continues. This small randomised trial of 298 people with early disease found that treatment with [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/09\/24\/ann-robinsons-research-reviews-24-september-2021\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":45282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18902],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-weekly-research-reviews"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ann Robinson\u2019s research reviews\u201424 September 2021 - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/09\/24\/ann-robinsons-research-reviews-24-september-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ann Robinson\u2019s research reviews\u201424 September 2021 - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Raising urate levels in early Parkinson&#8217;s disease The quest for better treatments for Parkinson&#8217;s disease continues. 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