{"id":50949,"date":"2021-09-09T17:24:21","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T16:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=50949"},"modified":"2021-09-21T16:11:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-21T15:11:47","slug":"john-middleton-is-the-nhs-prepared-for-the-coming-winter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/09\/09\/john-middleton-is-the-nhs-prepared-for-the-coming-winter\/","title":{"rendered":"John Middleton: Is the NHS prepared for the coming winter?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recent NHS performance data show that the NHS is<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/08\/13\/chris-hopson-latest-nhs-performance-data-confirm-the-service-is-under-huge-pressure\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> currently under huge pressures<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Although lifting all coronavirus restrictions in England on 19 July 2021 hasn\u2019t resulted in the feared 100,000 covid cases a day, the NHS is still nevertheless under pressure, with NHS leaders saying that it <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/08\/18\/james-devine-with-rising-pressures-on-all-parts-of-the-nhs-this-is-the-time-for-the-whole-system-to-come-together-to-find-solutions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">feels like \u201cwinter in summer.\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">And yet, we are experiencing groundhog day in terms of pandemic planning for the winter of 2021-22. Many of the concerns we <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs00038-020-01455-7\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">voiced this time last year<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are still evident\u2014or even stronger. Last year, we did not have a detailed appreciation of the impact of new lethal covid-19 variants such as the alpha and delta variants that we have now experienced. Last year, we were <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/08\/14\/john-middleton-winter-is-coming-is-the-uk-prepared\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">planning for a second wave expecting it to be worse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> than the first, but perhaps not understanding how. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now, again, the UK potentially faces a perfect storm of covid-19, winter flu, a large backlog of untreated long-term conditions, and excess cold-related mortality, along with the impact of Brexit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Academy of Medical Sciences has launched a report, \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/acmedsci.ac.uk\/file-download\/4747802\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preparing for the future: looking ahead to winter 2021-22 and beyond<\/span><\/a>.<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report highlights the risks of a resurgence of respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, which both declined to low levels last year. The Academy calls for efforts to maximise covid vaccination uptake. They recommend financial and social support for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n224\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">people self-isolatin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">g, particularly in areas of persistent high circulating virus and the most deprived communities. They call for boosting capacity in the NHS, especially staffing and beds, infection prevention, and vaccination and testing capacity for covid-19 and influenza, adequately resourcing primary care, and reducing the backlog of non-covid-19 care. They recommend clear guidance about environmental and behavioural precautions that individuals and organisations should follow.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspher.org\/download\/794\/aspher_210717-winter-planning-2021.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, ASPHER, sets out its concerns about <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspher.org\/download\/776\/aspher-covid-report_europe-at-a-crossroads.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the new ecology of viruses and humans<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. There is an expanding range of symptoms and signs that covid-19 is presenting with which need to influence our clinical suspicion and testing pathways. Long covid manifestations are also widening and might more properly be considered as \u201cenduring,\u201d or \u201cpersistent\u201d covid-19. The available tests <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspher.org\/download\/795\/aspher_20210720_lateralflowtests.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">are blunt instruments<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, with high possibility for false positive and false negative results. Increasing use of self-testing gives individuals control of the results, renders surveillance systems inadequate and unreliable, and further jeopardises the control of spread.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we head into our second winter with covid-19, we have the benefit of over 75% of the adult UK population <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/coronavirus.data.gov.uk\/details\/vaccinations\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">being doubly vaccinated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> against SARS-COV-2 in the UK. This is an extraordinary feat of science, of healthcare delivery, and public trust and support. Results from the REACT study gives us reassurance about the efficacy of vaccines, with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/227713\/coronavirus-infections-three-times-lower-double\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">infections three times less common in fully vaccinated people.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> However, vaccine efficacy is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/israel-sees-drop-pfizer-vaccine-protection-against-infections-still-strong-2021-07-05\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">declining in Israel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> which may be evidence of declining efficacy against the Delta variant, or a decline in serological protection for individuals vaccinated early in the programme. So there is need for caution, especially as every virus transmission is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/aug\/15\/new-covid-variants-will-set-us-back-a-year-experts-warn-uk-government\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an opportunity for a new mutation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Levels of vaccine confidence are extremely high in the UK, but this is not the case elsewhere, for example, France, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/go.pardot.com\/webmail\/866892\/719207940\/d949fc17c8cacd6361d0e88eea2f93a3253bcae0aecac60f5b9e24c08620b1bc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">confidence declines sharply<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> further into eastern Europe and Russia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a risk that \u201cvaccine over-confidence\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is leading the UK into a false sense of freedom, and an abandoning of all the physical distancing and basic public health protections that we need to limit this virus spreading. Our political leaders\u2019 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/02\/25\/is-englands-exit-plan-from-lockdown-a-road-to-nowhere\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">responses to the pandemic have been one-dimensional\u2014<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">focused either on lockdown, or testing, or vaccination. But, we need all of these measures to contain the virus. None of them alone <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspher.org\/download\/726\/aspher_statement_on_abolition_of_prevention_measures.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dispenses with our needs for basic infection control measures such as <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">physical distancing, meeting outdoors where possible, ventilation indoors, masks indoors and on public transport. These measures also protect us from other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/acmedsci.ac.uk\/file-download\/4747802\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">respiratory viruses which will resurface again this winter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Our government tells us it is our individual responsibility to decide whether to wear masks indoors, throwing away a low cost, enforceable law, for a high cost unenforceable exhortation\u2014paid for by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/public-urged-to-continue-protecting-family-and-friends\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">taxpayer in ineffective adverts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UK government has been reckless in its abandonment of all social measures and placing complete reliance on vaccination. By default, this places a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)01589-0\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">new and additional burden on children<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who are not vaccinated, or sufficiently protected in schools<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. We enter the autumn with levels of infection about <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/coronavirus.data.gov.uk\/details\/cases\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">20 times the level of last year<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> While hospital admission and deaths are levelling, they are doing so at high levels, so it is hard to imagine we are through this. It seems likely that the NHS and public health authorities will be stretched again this winter with children\u2019s care and wellbeing the new frontline.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gap between socioeconomic groups has grown wider through the pandemic, whether at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/research\/inequality-virus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a global economic level<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or through the unequal impact of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n376\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">pandemic in our towns and cities<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For families living in poverty, this is about to be made worse as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-41487126\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a320 \u201cpandemic boost\u201d to Universal Credit is to be removed.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Such a shock to the incomes of the very poorest in our society is a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/universal-credit-uplift-foodbank-trussell-trust-b1797310.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> concern for food<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> banks at the very sharp end of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrf.org.uk\/report\/destitution-uk-2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">destitution UK<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">but it could also trigger civil unrest more widely. The impacts of Brexit are still to be fully experienced. Some are being masked by the pandemic. Import controls from the EU have been delayed for six months <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/blog\/delaying-brexit-border-checks\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by the UK government<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Early effects of Brexit are emerging with the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/4d6b3be1-627e-4784-afc5-91da326cabdc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lack of truck drivers,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> born out in supply shortages of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pulsetoday.co.uk\/news\/clinical-areas\/allergy\/gps-told-to-suspend-some-blood-tests-as-tube-shortage-worsens\/?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=pulse%20breaking\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">blood specimen tubes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The NHS must factor into its plans the full impact of Brexit shortages, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/f2ace7d9-59ce-406c-9db6-a844e6806e05\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">including staffing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public health authorities and health services in the UK, and in the rest of Europe, need to remain vigilant. They need to plan for further waves of covid-19 and for new variants of concern. They need to plan again for winter and for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/08\/10\/the-climate-crisis-is-not-slow-and-gradual-but-unpredictable-and-catastrophic\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unpredictable climate events<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as we have seen this summer. The backlog in healthcare is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMms2009984\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an international concern<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The backlog in NHS waiting times for non-covid care is massive and needs considerable attention, but no-one should understate the action taken by the NHS\u00a0 in the last year. There is added concern this year for children\u2019s health, with likely impacts of covid and RSV, inadequate protection through the current vaccination policy in the UK, poor protections in the classroom, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspher.org\/download\/766\/aspher_statement-children_and_covid-closing_or_keep_opening_the_schools.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wider concerns for children\u2019s mental, social, and educational wellbeing. <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than ever, governments need to commit to reducing the gross inequalities caused and highlighted by the pandemic, within countries and between countries. This pandemic will not be over <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/a-global-pandemic-requires-a-world-effort-to-end-it-none-of-us-will-be-safe-until-everyone-is-safe\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">until it is over for everyone<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. There is no reason to believe the pandemic will just die out. All of the interventions we have against the virus need to be applied. Careless relaxations of public health measures in rich countries, inadequate support for local public health and primary care and the communities they serve, and failure to support the global delivery of vaccines will keep us all in a state of perpetual covid<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>John Middleton<\/strong>, honorary professor of public health, Wolverhampton University and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">President, Association of Schools of\u00a0 Public Health in the European Region.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Competing interests<\/strong>: none declared<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recent NHS performance data show that the NHS is currently under huge pressures. Although lifting all coronavirus restrictions in England on 19 July 2021 hasn\u2019t resulted in the feared 100,000 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/09\/09\/john-middleton-is-the-nhs-prepared-for-the-coming-winter\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":50735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nhs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>John Middleton: Is the NHS prepared for the coming winter?\u00a0 - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/09\/09\/john-middleton-is-the-nhs-prepared-for-the-coming-winter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"John Middleton: Is the NHS prepared for the coming winter?\u00a0 - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recent NHS performance data show that the NHS is currently under huge pressures. 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