{"id":50563,"date":"2021-07-01T20:17:56","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T19:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=50563"},"modified":"2021-10-24T11:10:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-24T10:10:21","slug":"peoples-covid-inquiry-how-did-the-uk-government-respond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/07\/01\/peoples-covid-inquiry-how-did-the-uk-government-respond\/","title":{"rendered":"People\u2019s covid inquiry: How did the UK government respond?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jacky Davis reports from the second session of the People\u2019s covid inquiry<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;We have a growing confidence that we will have a test track and trace system that will be world beating and it will be in place by 1 June 2020.&#8221; &#8212; <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Boris Johnson to Parliament, 20.5.20)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first witness at the second session of the People\u2019s Covid Inquiry was David King, professor, government chief scientific advisor from 2000 &#8211; 2007, and founder of Independent SAGE (ISAGE). He founded ISAGE because at the time the membership of SAGE (The Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies) was not a matter of public record, nor was their advice. He also felt that SAGE was very heavy on epidemiologists and very light on healthcare experts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">King began by reminding us that in 2006 the Government Office for Science predicted a global pandemic within the next 30 years, due to a virus mutating from a wild animal to humans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He then went on to discuss the standard responses to a pandemic. These would normally include quickly testing and isolating. Lockdown is used until a test, trace, isolate and support system (TTIS) is up and running. Many governments responded in this way after Chinese scientists published an article in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Lancet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (23.1.20) with information about the virus, including the infectivity rate and death rate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By contrast the UK government\u2019s reaction was \u201cvery tardy.\u201d There appeared to be no understanding of the risks we faced, and the UK prime minister Boris Johnson missed many of the initial Cobra meetings at the start of 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">King said that we knew by the start of March 2020 that cases were doubling every 3-4 days, but the UK only locked down on 23 March 2020. He felt that if we had gone into lockdown two weeks earlier then the spread of the virus would have been \u201cmassively less.\u201d Meanwhile large sporting events continued, with crowds from Spain (where there was a significant outbreak) attending a football match in Liverpool. Large horse racing meetings also went ahead. This delay begged the question as to whether the real aim was achieving herd immunity<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By April and May 2020 hospitals were being overwhelmed, which would have been much less likely with an earlier lockdown.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I would have said that at least 20,000 lives out of the 35,000 lost in the first wave could have been saved if we had gone into lockdown earlier, said King.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another part of the lockdown process should have been closing UK borders. Other countries such as New Zealand, Australia and Greece did this early on with returning citizens subject to strict quarantine. But the UK consistently failed to manage our ports of entry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">King then discussed the excuse that behavioural or pandemic fatigue favoured a later lockdown. He pointed out that in fact the reverse was true, and that going into lockdown late meant it would last longer and that the economic damage would be greater. Other countries who reacted slowly like the UK, such as the US and Brazil, have also suffered very high fatality rates and significant economic damage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">King finally turned to the test, trace, isolate and support system (TTIS). To succeed this depends on rapid identification of cases, rapid contact tracing and\u2014very importantly\u2014supporting people to isolate. Crucially that support was never offered, thus: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">From the beginning we have never had a proper TTIS, said King.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For several months we had nothing at all in place. Finally it was outsourced to Serco to run centrally.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">King felt any system should have been broken down into local areas centered on trusted GPs, which would have been very effective, but it was never done. We also shouldn\u2019t have come out of lockdown until we had a fully functioning TTIS.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cWe at ISAGE were simply amazed. In the middle of the biggest pandemic in over 100 years we set up private companies with no healthcare experience to run (the TTIS) from scratch. I believe that was a disastrous decision\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The second witness was Lobby Akinnola, a member of the covid-19 Bereaved Families for Justice Group. They campaign for a public inquiry into the government\u2019s response to the pandemic, in order to learn lessons and to hold those responsible to account.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He described how he joined the group after losing his father to covid-19. His whole family of seven key workers lived together. None of them had access to personal protective equipment (PPE). During his father\u2019s two week illness he contacted NHS 111 and his family GP and the advice was always to stay at home, which is where he died.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akinnola felt that the pandemic had highlighted pre-existing concerns in ethnic minority communities, in particular around unconscious bias and preconceptions about Black people. He mentioned in particular that NHS 111 were asking callers if their lips were blue, as an indicator of hypoxia, which is inappropriate and misleading for Black people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He felt that Johnson had approached the pandemic with a level of arrogance, and had joked about \u201coperation last gasp.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My family had to sit and watch my Dad die for two weeks, and then you see the leader of the country stand up and make jokes about the fact that people are being robbed of their breath. He also called on (healthcare workers) to risk their lives and then decided not to provide the support they needed.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third witness was Jan Shortt, General Secretary of the National Pensioners\u2019 Convention (NPC).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shortt said that at the beginning of the pandemic the NPC had a number of concerns including the government\u2019s slow response, and the fact that social care was already in crisis. In particular care homes had been struggling for some time due to underfunding and staff shortages. The NPC was also unhappy that all over 70\u2019s were classed together as at risk even though not all over 70s are frail and vulnerable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She emphatically rejected the government\u2019s claim that they had put a \u201cring of steel\u201d around care homes. At the beginning older people had been discharged from hospital back to their care homes without being tested for covid-19. Care home staff didn\u2019t have adequate PPE and resorted to wearing bin bags as aprons and sharing masks. They were also getting sick and moving between homes. Then blanket do not resuscitate orders were imposed on care home residents, which was quite inappropriate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The NPC had been begging the government for years to reform and properly fund social care, but the government never replied to any of their letters. Shortt felt that was due to arrogance or incompetence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Going forward she felt care homes should be taken out of the private sector and that local authorities should work with the NHS and good voluntary organisations to run them. That would give value for money and, importantly, accountability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shortt thought that 25% of covid deaths had occurred in care home residents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe devastation that care home residents have suffered, are still suffering, is unacceptable. It shouldn\u2019t have happened, needn\u2019t have happened and should never happen again.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fourth witness was Helen Salisbury, Oxford GP, and BMJ columnist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salisbury felt that the government had made big mistakes from the very beginning. One was to think that the country could \u201ctake it on the chin\u201d and go for herd immunity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another was to sideline primary care and to fail to use the skills of GPs, particularly their local knowledge and patient contacts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A decision was made that all covid calls were to go through NHS 111. Patients were told very strongly to ring NHS 111 and not to trouble their GPs. At that stage everyone was on a steep learning curve with regard to covid. For instance people with covid could be dangerously short of oxygen, but not breathless. NHS 111 staff were in a hurry and didn\u2019t get much training.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cI have a horrible feeling that if some patients had been passed on to their GPs we might have saved some lives. People died at home because they didn\u2019t get the medical attention they needed quickly enough.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salisbury felt that primary care could also have taken on testing if provided with the resources. They could have worked with public health partners and patients but instead it went to \u201cpeople who had no idea what they were doing.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several multiples [of funding] of what primary care gets in a year have gone to Test and Trace which doesn\u2019t seem to have helped at all.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She felt GPs could also have helped with who got tested when tests were scarce and people were being sent all over the country. There was also a big problem with the centralised test and trace system not providing test results to GPs\u2014\u201cthe vaccine programme has shown that running things locally works.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the subject of public health messaging, Salisbury felt that people had been very observant of the rules, but that they had often just been the wrong rules. Messaging has been poor but so have the messages. For instance there was a huge spike of avoidable deaths in January because of opening up for Christmas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I\u2019m very angry because so many people died who needn\u2019t have. Vietnam has 0.5 deaths\/million, and last time I looked we have 1820\/million. We didn\u2019t start fatter, poorer, or more ill. It\u2019s about management, how we handled it.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A number of themes emerged in this session. The government\u2019s response was far too slow. They were too slow to recognise the threat of the virus and much too slow to adopt basic public health measures, including lockdowns (Feb\/March and September) and to manage ports of entry.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The government bypassed experienced GPs in NHS primary care in favour of NHS 111, to the great detriment of patients, and again when they outsourced TTIS to private companies who had no relevant experience. This resulted in a centralised system which never functioned successfully while costing \u00a337 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They failed to protect the elderly, and the pandemic revealed the dire state of the social care system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The government repeatedly made poor decisions too late, under pressure to put the economy before the population\u2019s health, not understanding that the two go hand in hand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Jacky Davis<\/strong>, consultant radiologist, founder member of Keep our NHS Public, panel member of the People\u2019s Covid inquiry.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Competing interests<\/strong>: none declared.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jacky Davis reports from the second session of the People\u2019s covid inquiry &#8220;We have a growing confidence that we will have a test track and trace system that will be [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/07\/01\/peoples-covid-inquiry-how-did-the-uk-government-respond\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":49459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223,18933],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guest-bloggers","category-peoples-covid-inquiry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>People\u2019s covid inquiry: How did the UK government respond? 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