{"id":50128,"date":"2021-04-23T10:34:47","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T09:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=50128"},"modified":"2021-04-23T10:34:47","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T09:34:47","slug":"ann-robinsons-research-reviews-23-april-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/04\/23\/ann-robinsons-research-reviews-23-april-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Ann Robinson\u2019s research reviews\u201423 April 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"standfirst\">Ann Robinson reviews the latest research from the top medical journals<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><b><\/b><b>Patient centred intensive care<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This important <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/article-abstract\/2778535\">US prospective quality improvement study<\/a> looked at the outcomes of training staff to use time-limited trials (TLTs) as the default communication and care planning approach for critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU). It found that the use of TLTs was associated with significant reductions in duration of ICU stay (7.4 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 8.7 days), fewer invasive procedures, and no change in mortality (58%) or family satisfaction rating. TLTs involve detailed discussions of patients\u2019 preferences for care and an agreement between clinicians and patients or their families that therapies will be tried for a specified time, then evaluated and stopped if there are no objective signs of improvement. It\u2019s disconcerting to learn that this rational approach isn\u2019t standard care. The study designs may have allowed for some bias in patient selection, and the multifaceted approach makes it hard to separate out which changes produced the positive results. Yet, overall, the quest to minimise suffering in an ICU setting is to be applauded.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JAMA Intern Med <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/article-abstract\/2778535\">10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.1000<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Patient, heal thyself<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/article-abstract\/2778536\">randomised trial of 206 adults<\/a> with a clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis found that a 24 week, web based programme of specific strengthening exercises and guidance about physical activity, bolstered by automated text messages to encourage adherence, improved self reported knee pain and function at 24 weeks compared with a control group who were directed to a website with general information only. Given that knee osteoarthritis is a common problem with no known cure (apart from knee replacement presumably), a digital programme that can dispense education and exercises without the involvement of a human being is an attractive idea. The level of engagement was unusually high in this study\u2014perhaps because of the content and frequency of text messaging (average of 2.5 texts\/week.) The study was conducted among a self sufficient, educated, and tech savvy group so may not be generalisable to the wider public, and there was no follow-up beyond 24 weeks so we have no way of knowing whether the benefits were sustained.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JAMA Intern Med <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/article-abstract\/2778536\">10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0991<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bad news for levetiracetam in epilepsy<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marson and colleagues report the results of SANAD II; two useful pragmatic, open-label, randomised trials of treatment options in epilepsy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)00247-6\/fulltext\">In the first<\/a>, in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy, levetiracetam did not meet non-inferiority criteria in the intention-to-treat analysis of time to 12-month remission from seizures. A major limitation of this study is the low rate of under 18 year olds (&lt;18%). Lamotrigine should remain as first line treatment, rather than levetiracetam or zonisamide (both treatments are licensed for monotherapy), which are less effective and more likely to cause depression and anxiety, say the authors. Further studies are needed now to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of other anti-seizure medications (such as lacosamide, brivaracetam, and perampanel).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)00246-4\/fulltext\">the second study<\/a>, of patients with newly diagnosed generalised epilepsy, levetiracetam didn\u2019t fare well either. It didn\u2019t meet criteria for non-inferiority in the intention-to-treat analysis of time to 12-month remission, and in the per-protocol analysis valproate was more effective than levetiracetam for all outcomes. This is a problem for women of childbearing age who need to avoid valproate for its teratogenicity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lancet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)00247-6\/fulltext\">10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00247-6<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lancet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)00246-4\/fulltext\">10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00246-4<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Liver shortage<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Liver donors are in short supply, so even though the incidence of non-anastomotic biliary strictures (caused by ischaemia-reperfusion injury) is three times higher in livers obtained from donors after circulatory death than brain death, donated livers from the former are increasingly used. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2031532\">This study found<\/a> that there was a lower risk of non-anastomotic biliary strictures within six months when donated livers were kept on hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion rather than conventional cold storage (6% <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 18%). Machine perfusion didn\u2019t affect patient or graft survival; outcomes are generally good after liver transplantation, so larger trials would be needed to show an effect. Further work into the cost-benefit of machine perfusion is needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N Engl J Med <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2031532\">10.1056\/NEJMoa2031532<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ivermectin: no evidence of effectiveness against covid-19<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug with antiviral activity, is widely used in the treatment of mild covid-19, but <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2777389\">this randomised clinical trial<\/a> found that a five day course didn\u2019t significantly change the duration of symptoms compared with placebo (median time to resolution of symptoms 10 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 12 days). Most people had recovered within 21 days (82% <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">v<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 79%). Clinical deterioration rates were so low in this young and healthy population (&lt;3%) that the study design had to be changed six weeks after it started. Larger trials may find that ivermectin has other benefits, but there seems to be little justification for its use at the moment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JAMA <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2777389\">10.1001\/jama.2021.3071<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Ann Robinson<\/strong> is an NHS GP and health writer and broadcaster<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ann Robinson reviews the latest research from the top medical journals [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/04\/23\/ann-robinsons-research-reviews-23-april-2021\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":45282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18902],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-weekly-research-reviews"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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