{"id":49442,"date":"2021-01-22T18:25:22","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T17:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=49442"},"modified":"2021-01-29T17:41:58","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T16:41:58","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-marijuana-in-1980-and-the-influence-of-the-60s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/01\/22\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-marijuana-in-1980-and-the-influence-of-the-60s\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I Use a Word . . . Marijuana in 1980 and the influence of the 60s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cSexual intercourse\u201d, wrote Philip Larkin in his poem <em>Annus Mirabilis<\/em>, \u201cbegan \/ In nineteen sixty-three \/ (which was rather late for me) \u2014 \/ Between the end of the \u2018Chatterley\u2019 ban \/ And the Beatles\u2019 first LP.\u201d The latter was, of course, titled \u201cPlease please me\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sexual revolution alluded to by Larkin, fuelled by the invention of oral contraceptives, was accompanied by a great deal of recreational drug use. Of course, recreational drugs had been around a lot longer, but the first instance of the term \u201crecreational drug\u201d dates from 1967 in a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6073200\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">paper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of Health and Social Behavior<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The term appeared from time to time during the 1970s, but only started to become more current in the 1980s (Figure 1). This is reflected in words linked to recreational drug use whose first recorded instances are attributed to the 1970s and 1980s in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oxford English Dictionary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49444\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"653\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021.jpg 653w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021-640x361.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Figure 1. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proportions of biomedical publications (numbers per million total) containing the term \u201crecreational drug\/s\u201d as a text word since 1970 (n=2454; source Pubmed)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I have <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/11\/13\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-food-of-paradise\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">previously<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> noted the nouns \u201csinsemilla\u201d (1974) and \u201cpsychedeliac\u201d (1975), but many nouns that describe different forms of marijuana were newly recorded in the 1970s, including: blow (1971: powdered cocaine or marijuana); cheeba (1971: a variety of Colombian marijuana); homegrown (1970: locally cultivated marijuana); Maui wowee (1971: a potent form of marijuana originating from Maui); Mexican brown (1976: types of heroin or marijuana from Mexico); pakalolo (1977: a potent variety of marijuana grown in Hawaii); and Thai stick (1976, antedatable to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/pdf\/community.28032681.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_SYC-5187_SYC-5188%2F5188&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Ad859fe8d65d78961158c6dacae6dcf83\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1974<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: a marijuana cigarette). A munchie (1971, antedatable to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/pdf\/community.28033202.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_SYC-5187_SYC-5188%2F5188&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Aef70fb520785403406241ccbc6b17649\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1968<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) is a snack eaten to appease the hunger caused by taking marijuana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many other slang terms are recorded in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Danktionary. <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A-Z <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guide to Stoner Slang<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Adams Media, 2011) by Will B High, which might just be a pseudonym. The noun \u201cdank\u201d is defined in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">OED<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as an obsolete noun meaning wetness, humidity, and damp, first recorded in Malory\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Morte D\u2019Arthur<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from around 1400. But in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Danktionary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> we learn that it is a modern word used to describe pot that has been deemed to be of especially high quality, although we are warned that there are no universal criteria for grading the quality of marijuana and that inexperienced users should not use the term, as they may be embarrassed when their dank turns out to be schwag. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Danktionary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> tells us that schwag is marijuana of the lowest available quality, and warns that it should not be smoked except under the most dire of circumstances, such as after having flushed higher grade stash down the toilet during an unfortunate bout of paranoia. Unlike \u201cdank\u201d, \u201cschwag\u201d (1996) is listed in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">OED<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, as is \u201cswag\u201d (1986) also defined as fake marijuana. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Danktionary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also tells us that a Thai stick knocks the smoker out of commission longer than an organ solo from The Doors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Incidentally \u201cstoner\u201d, referred to in the subtitle of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Danktionary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, is defined as one who often gets stoned by smoking buds from the cannabis sativa plant. The term can be used as one of endearment, or, by non-smokers, derogatorily. In this sense, \u201cstoner\u201d is found in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">OED<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> only as an attributive (1987), as in a stoner comedy, a genre of film comedy (\u201cstoner flicks\u201d) in which the plot and action centre on drug use or stoner culture. Mainstream films that feature recreational drug use, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I Love You Alice B Toklas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (1968) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Withnail and I<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (1987), entertaining though they may be up to a point, don\u2019t perhaps quite come into this category. Nor does the campus novel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stoner<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by John Williams, which is about a very sober university lecturer; first published in 1965, it was reissued in the UK by Vintage Books in 2003, to great acclaim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among the biomedical words newly appearing in 1980 (Table 1) two refer to drugs of abuse. The Malay word \u201cdadah\u201d means medicine, but its use has been restricted to controlled substances that are abused, dadah trafficking being punishable by death in Malaysia. And a narcotraficante is a South American term for a feared member of a drug cartel, especially someone who deals in or smuggles drugs. Cannabusiness, on the other hand, an excellent portmanteau word, refers to legitimate commercial activity concerned with the production and sale of cannabis or cannabis related products for both recreational and medical use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Table 1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Biomedical words (n=27) in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">OED<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for which the earliest citations are from 1980 (out of a total of 171)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49445\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_2.jpg 628w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_2-300x143.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a phrase that sums up the influence of the sixties in all this: \u201cIf you can remember the sixties, you weren\u2019t really there.\u201d It has been attributed to many different people, but who really said it? Well, I can\u2019t remember.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><strong>Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong>\u00a0is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford&#8217;s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong> None declared.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/03\/13\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-hooping-cough\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-49446 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_integer-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"533\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_integer-scaled.jpg 533w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_integer-213x1024.jpg 213w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_integer-320x1536.jpg 320w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2021\/01\/aronson_22_jan_2021_integer-640x3074.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cSexual intercourse\u201d, wrote Philip Larkin in his poem Annus Mirabilis, \u201cbegan \/ In nineteen sixty-three \/ (which was rather late for me) \u2014 \/ Between the end of the \u2018Chatterley\u2019 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2021\/01\/22\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-marijuana-in-1980-and-the-influence-of-the-60s\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":38359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5762],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jeff-aronsons-words"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jeffrey Aronson: When I Use a Word . . . 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