{"id":49022,"date":"2020-11-16T14:39:39","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T13:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=49022"},"modified":"2020-11-19T09:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T08:42:18","slug":"an-agenda-for-better-health-in-hot-and-dry-settings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/11\/16\/an-agenda-for-better-health-in-hot-and-dry-settings\/","title":{"rendered":"An agenda for better health in hot and dry settings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>As increasing numbers of people risk health impacts related to water scarcity, <\/i><i>Carlos Dora<\/i><i> and <\/i><i>Roberto Bertollini<\/i><i> call for an urgent agenda to promote research and action.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, two billion people live in water scarce environments<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>1<\/sup> face related health risks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>2<\/sup> and their number is rapidly growing. However, no framework exists to protect their health. Health leaders are yet to take up opportunities for health protection in dry environments which could also save resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some options are available now, for example, health systems can switch to water saving taps, reuse waste water<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>3<\/sup> and harvest rainwater.<sup>4<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The water savings can help replenish and support green infrastructure, such as parks, protect against floods, and create opportunities for outdoor physical activity to improve mental health<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>5<\/sup> enable children\u2019s contact with nature<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>6<\/sup> and reduce excess city temperatures (\u201cthe urban heat island effect\u201d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>7<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Opportunities to promote health extend well beyond the realm of healthcare. Connection to public transport, and shaded cycling and walking routes, while enabling better access to healthcare also increases healthy social interaction<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>8<\/sup> In parts of the world where people spend much of their time indoors because of the heat, adequate space and ventilation will help reduce the spread of infections like covid-19<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>9<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water availability has a beneficial effect on non-communicable diseases by encouraging local fruit and vegetable agriculture, and reducing consumption of sugar sweetened beverages if water fountains are installed in public spaces and schools<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>10<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cross sectoral advantages are often overlooked by standard measures of health risks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>11<\/sup> but considering drivers of health risks in other sectors, such as land use, buildings, transport, and agriculture, helps identify ways to reduce disease burden through better sanitation and hygiene, reduction in non-communicable diseases, and improved child health and nutrition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An urgent agenda of research and action is required to develop more efficient and effective societal responses to the health risks unique to water-scarce settings, which affect a growing number of people worldwide<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>12<\/sup> Firstly, health risks must be mapped to their root causes, including in sectors other than health. Opportunities for synergistic preventive action can be identified, along with gaps, constraints, and enabling factors. Existing knowledge, tools, and initiatives can be shared.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Secondly, we should engage communities, policy makers, and researchers, to identify barriers, motivate them to develop a better response to health risks, and obtain support to implement pilot schemes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thirdly, leading cities and regions can cooperate to move from analysis to policy and program implementation by agreeing ways to track progress, identify success, and exchange learning<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>13<\/sup> One approach would be to drive the response by convening a coalition for health in dry environments, bringing together interested groups from civil society, research, and philanthropy that is geared towards action and implementation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These initiatives would find synergies with existing global, regional, national, and local agendas and funding mechanisms, such as those to combat climate change, desertification, and water shortages<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>14<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Success will only be achieved if health systems in dry cities strengthen their capacity to work with and influence other sectors<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<sup>15<\/sup> drawing on experience from the Health in All Policies and Intersectoral Action for Health agendas promoted by the World Health Organization and championed by several countries<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>16<\/sup> Health leadership will be central to prioritising, funding, and implementing this agenda in dry cities, as well as safeguarding women\u2019s health concerns, and reducing health disparities suffered by poor people and members of disenfranchised minorities.<sup>17<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An ambitious agenda along these lines can unlock the potential for health protection in dry environments and contribute much needed adaptation to an increasingly water-scarce world. This month delegates at the World Innovation Summit for Health will discuss health challenges in dry cities<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<sup>18<\/sup> They are well placed to commit to lead and support such a collaboration and can launch a network, develop the discipline,<sup>19<\/sup> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and realise this agenda.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Carlos Dora<\/strong>, independent advisor, Global Environmental Health Governance, Switzerland<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Roberto Bertollini<\/strong>, MD MPH, senior advisor, Ministry of Public Health, Qatar<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong> None declared.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">This article is part of a series commissioned by\u00a0The BMJ\u00a0for the World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH) 2020.\u00a0The BMJ\u00a0peer reviewed, edited, and made the decisions to publish. 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Health Systems &amp; Reform. 5. 10.1080\/23288604.2019.1660104<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"highwire-citation-info\">\n<div id=\"node1036948--2\" class=\"highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article\" data-node-nid=\"1036948\" data-pisa=\"bmj;371\/oct30_3\/m2936\" data-pisa-master=\"bmj;bmj.m2936\" data-apath=\"\/bmj\/371\/bmj.m2936.atom\">\n<div class=\"highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmj-article-citation-export clearfix\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-authors\"><span data-delta=\"0\"><span class=\"nlm-surname\">Frumkin<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"nlm-given-names\">Howard<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<span data-delta=\"1\"><span class=\"nlm-surname\">Das<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"nlm-given-names\">Maitreyi Bordia<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<span data-delta=\"2\"><span class=\"nlm-surname\">Negev<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"nlm-given-names\">Maya<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<span data-delta=\"3\"><span class=\"nlm-surname\">Rogers<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"nlm-given-names\">Briony C<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<span data-delta=\"4\"><span class=\"nlm-surname\">Bertollini<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"nlm-given-names\">Roberto<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<span data-delta=\"5\"><span class=\"nlm-surname\">Dora<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"nlm-given-names\">Carlos<\/span><\/span>\u00a0et al.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-title article-title\">Protecting health in dry cities: considerations for policy makers<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata\"><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata\">BMJ\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata\">2020;\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata\">371<\/span><span class=\"highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata\">:m2936<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"highwire-citation-formats\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hussein T, Plummer M and Breen B. <a href=\"https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/field_catalysts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford Social Innovation Review. How field catalysts galvanize social change<\/a>. Winter 2018. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As increasing numbers of people risk health impacts related to water scarcity, Carlos Dora and Roberto Bertollini call for an urgent agenda to promote research and action. 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