{"id":47164,"date":"2020-04-16T11:00:57","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T10:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=47164"},"modified":"2020-04-14T14:56:56","modified_gmt":"2020-04-14T13:56:56","slug":"how-can-urban-planning-contribute-to-building-health-equity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/04\/16\/how-can-urban-planning-contribute-to-building-health-equity\/","title":{"rendered":"How can urban planning contribute to building health equity?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Sharon Roerty from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation tells us more about the <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salzburg Global Seminar on Building Healthy Equitable Communities, and what can be done to make cities a more healthy place to live. <\/span>This article is part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/building-healthy-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Building Healthy Communities<\/a> collection.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Place is among the many social factors\u2014including income, education, food security and early childcare and development\u2014that contribute to health, both individually and collectively. Study after study have shown that how long and how well you can expect to live have much to do with where you reside.<\/span><sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">55% of the world\u2019s population lives in urban areas; by 2050, that figure is expected to reach 68%.<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Urban features such as housing density,<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> public transport,<sup>4<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> sanitation<sup>5<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and green space<sup>6<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> all have significant impacts on health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, in so many places all over the world, urban development and investment do not support opportunities for everyone to achieve optimal health\u2014the definition of health equity. Instead, development and investment decisions have created deep-rooted barriers to good health.\u00a0Faced with challenges like concentrated and entrenched poverty, substandard housing, pollution, poor public transportation and neglected and unsafe parks and streets, too many people start behind and stay behind.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In October 2018, at the Salzburg Global Seminar on Building Healthy Equitable Communities supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, there was consensus that investors, planners, engineers and developers can and must hold themselves accountable for increasing opportunities for everyone to be healthier, especially people living in places where obstacles to a long, healthy life are greatest. Building on that discussion, a series of articles coming from that meeting explore a number of questions, including the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How can investments in urban revitalization and infrastructure advance health, equity and the public good? <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the key policy strategies and practices that address the roots of inequality and support healthier and more inclusive housing, transportation, utilities and open space systems?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How can cities foster a shared sense of community to build infrastructure that serves the public interest?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How can citizen science and data be used to promote equitable development and community-driven solutions?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Part of the problem has been the failure to integrate health into urban planning and decision-making. Around the world, examples abound of more integrated and more conscious approaches to urban development and improvement. Being intentional about whom such improvements will benefit will result in opportunities for better health and well-being for everyone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bogat\u00e1, Columbia, pioneered the use of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ciclov\u00edas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the regular closing of main streets to automobiles for runners, bicyclists, skaters and most importantly every kind of people, to use freely. This practice has expanded to cities around the world. Meanwhile, major cities in Spain have declared a war on cars\u2014banning or limiting their use on designated streets. A new study estimates that Barcelona\u2019s plan to limit cars and capture nearly 70 percent of street space for bikes and pedestrians could save 667 lives per year.<sup>7<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Housing is another area of intense interest. In<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nairobi, Kenya, where slums occupy about 2 percent of the land but house half the city\u2019s population, the Muungano alliance has organised residents to save collectively, meet regularly and demand and help fund community improvements, including sanitation, water, housing and electricity. And in Delhi, India, a company called Micro Home Solutions takes an interdisciplinary design approach\u2014drawing on the insights of sociologists, urban planners, architects, policymakers, and engineers\u2014to create sound and sustainable housing for low-income dwellers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As these and many other examples show, we <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">can<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> make the world\u2019s cities healthier and more equitable by designing and building communities with the explicit goals of inclusion, health and opportunity for all. This will require leveraging the potential of the built environment to both prevent disease and promote health equity. The other articles in this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/building-healthy-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collection<\/a> provide details on how leaders working across sectors can achieve this.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Sharon Z. Roerty<\/strong>, MCRP\/AICP, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, USA.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong> none declared.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marmot M. \u201cSocial determinants of health inequalities.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Lancet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, March 19, 2005, 365 (9464) 1099-1104.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. \u201c68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN.\u201d May 16, 2018. Available at: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Braveman P, Dekker M, Egerter S, Sadegh-Nobari T and Pollack C. \u201cAn examination of the many ways in which housing can influence health and strategies to improve health through emphasis on healthier homes.\u201d The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, May 1, 2011. Available at: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rwjf.org\/en\/library\/research\/2011\/05\/housing-and-health.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.rwjf.org\/en\/library\/research\/2011\/05\/housing-and-health.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frank LD, Andresen MA and Schmid TL. \u201cObesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">American Journal of Preventive Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 27 (2) Aug. 2004: 87-96.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health. \u201cGlobalization, water and health<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u201d Globalization and Health Knowledge Network<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, May 2007. Available at: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/social_determinants\/resources\/gkn_wilson.pdf?ua=1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/social_determinants\/resources\/gkn_wilson.pdf?ua=1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Braubach M, Egoroy A, Pierpaolo M, Wolf T, Ward Thompson C and Martuzzi M. \u201cEffects of urban green space on environmental health, equity and resilience.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Springer, September 2017. Available at: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-56091-5_11\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-56091-5_11<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bliss L. \u201cThe Life-Saving Benefits of Barcelona\u2019s Car-Free Superblocks.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">City Lab<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, September 9, 2019. Available at: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/transportation\/2019\/09\/barcelona-superblock-car-free-streets-cities-urban-design\/597484\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/transportation\/2019\/09\/barcelona-superblock-car-free-streets-cities-urban-design\/597484\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sharon Roerty from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation tells us more about the Salzburg Global Seminar on Building Healthy Equitable Communities, and what can be done to make cities a [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/04\/16\/how-can-urban-planning-contribute-to-building-health-equity\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How can urban planning contribute to building health equity? 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