{"id":46733,"date":"2020-03-08T02:00:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-08T01:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=46733"},"modified":"2020-10-27T10:29:11","modified_gmt":"2020-10-27T09:29:11","slug":"twenty-five-years-after-the-beijing-declaration-we-need-to-reaffirm-that-womens-rights-are-human-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/03\/08\/twenty-five-years-after-the-beijing-declaration-we-need-to-reaffirm-that-womens-rights-are-human-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Twenty five years after the Beijing Declaration we need to reaffirm that women\u2019s rights are human rights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIf there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women\u2019s rights and women\u2019s rights are human rights once and for all.\u201d <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These words are as poignant today as they were 25 years ago when the governments of the world, by consensus, adopted the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action (The Platform of Action). [2] Building on work from a series of global conferences going back as far as 1975, the Beijing Conference on Women in 1995 was a watershed moment and rallying call for advancing the equality, health and wellbeing of girls and women. [3]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we celebrate the 25<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> anniversary of this landmark declaration we must ask ourselves\u2014are we any closer to reaching the goals set in Beijing? Is the world a better place for girls and women than it was in 1995? Where have we fallen short, and why?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The road to Beijing was far from easy, but the thousands who attended were driven by common concerns for equality, development, and peace. Governments bound themselves to \u201ctake effective action against violations of these rights and freedoms\u201d and establish national mechanisms to monitor progress. [4] Since its adoption, the Platform of Action has been reaffirmed and elaborated in many intergovernmental forums.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The realisation of the commitments made in Beijing, however, has been <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ad hoc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at best, with continued and increasingly fundamental gaps to the realisation of girls\u2019 and women\u2019s rights and gender equality around the world. We see this play out not only through overt discrimination, but in the tacit acceptance of intimate and structural violence against women at all levels and in all places.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>The journey so far<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite monumental gains for many individual women the world over, we still have work to do to translate Beijing&#8217;s commitments into widespread systematic, structural, and transformative change. Some progress has been achieved on women&#8217;s political representation, economic participation, and health outcomes. Period poverty, sexual harassment, and other phrases are now part of the popular lexicon. Yet, larger structural barriers to women\u2019s equality and human rights remain entrenched in many societies. Three major trends emerge when we reflect on the past 25 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enormous challenges remain, from rising and intersecting forms of inequalities to deep-rooted power imbalances and harmful gender norms. Sexual and reproductive health conditions continue to represent one of the leading causes of disease for women and girls. [5] Violence against women and girls remains the most frequent human rights abuse worldwide. [6]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The advances that have occurred for girls and women rights have often been threatened by social and political regression. Macro-level politics and increasingly hostile ruling ideologies are profoundly impacting women\u2019s ability to express their voices and claim their rights, with direct bearing on the capacity and willingness of duty bearers to meet their legal and political obligations. [7]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More positively,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the biggest achievements of the last 25 years has been the plethora of individuals, groups, coalitions, movements working on girls and women\u2019s rights holding the line and continuing the fight for their rights in often the most difficult of settings. Without them, the positive change we see would not have happened at all.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The need for global common cause on gender equality, and on girls\u2019 and women\u2019s rights and health everywhere is greater now than ever before. And while much of the Beijing agenda is unfinished business, the blueprint is there.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>The road ahead<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2020, a truly transformative agenda on gender equality and girls\u2019 and women\u2019s rights is needed. But for that to happen real commitment from every sector in every society is needed to effect change.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This means investing in girls and women and resourcing and supporting collective action. It has been shown that the most effective way to protect and advance girls\u2019 and women\u2019s rights and health worldwide is to directly invest in the women\u2019s movement, including those organizations who seek to shift power and transform social, legal, and political systems of patriarchal oppression. [8]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We also need to protect our frontline defenders. There is continued and growing backlash against women\u2019s rights and gender equality. Women\u2019s human rights defenders are being assaulted, subjected to sexual violence, tortured and even killed. [9] Women\u2019s bodies and sexual and reproductive rights in particular are a battleground. Defending women\u2019s rights should not be a deadly undertaking. [10] We must demand and ensure a system of protection for women\u2019s human rights defenders everywhere, and push back against the pushback to advancing gender equality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Twenty five years ago governments of the world committed to establishing or strengthening mechanisms at all levels for accountability to the world\u2019s girls and women. This has not happened. From the clinics to the court rooms, governments must deliver on the promise to ensure accountability for women\u2019s health and rights, and civil society must be supported in their efforts to ensure this happens.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We, cannot and must not sit back and allow injustice and inequality to thrive. We must stay critically conscious and vigilant to power and power imbalances, call them out, and challenge them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We need to harness the power of the present and mark the anniversary of Beijing, by committing to generation equality and the action accelerators that will drive progress over the next ten years. [11] This requires concerted action including to promote and protect women\u2019s bodily autonomy and sexual and reproductive health and rights.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We need to listen to the voices of girls and women marching the streets and demanding their rights and demanding change.\u00a0 As <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ratical.org\/ratville\/CAH\/AR012703.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arundhati Roy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> once stated &#8220;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another world is not only possible, she is on her way. On a quiet day, I can hear her breathing<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She is indeed on her way but we need to clear her path to speed the journey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Rajat Khosla <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is H<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">uman Rights Adviser for the Human Reproduction Programme at the WHO.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Senait Fisseha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is Professor of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology at the University of Michigan and Chief Adviser to the Director General of the WHO.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Katja Iversen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> President\/CEO of Women Deliver.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Sapana Pradhan Malla<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a Judge at the Supreme Court of Nepal.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Sofia Gruskin <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is Professor and Director, Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, University of Southern California.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><b>Competing Interests: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">None declared\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Acknowledgements<\/strong>: The views of the authors do not necessarily represent the views of their organisations.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>References:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1] Hillary Clinton. Speech Delivered at the Fourth World Conference on Women. 1995. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfa.org\/exhibitions\/amalia-pica\/transcript-womens-rights-are-human-rights\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.mfa.org\/exhibitions\/amalia-pica\/transcript-womens-rights-are-human-rights<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (accessed January 2020)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[2] Fourth World Conference on Women. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. 1995. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/events\/pastevents\/pdfs\/Beijing_Declaration_and_Platform_for_Action.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/events\/pastevents\/pdfs\/Beijing_Declaration_and_Platform_for_Action.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (accessed January 2020)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[3] UN Women. World Conferences on Women. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/how-we-work\/intergovernmental-support\/world-conferences-on-women\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/how-we-work\/intergovernmental-support\/world-conferences-on-women<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 (accessed January 2020)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[4] Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 1995, para 23.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[5] WHO. Women and Health. EB\/136\/18. 2014.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[6] WHO. Report of the High Level Working Group on Health and Human Rights. 2017. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/life-course\/news\/high-level-wg-hhr-report\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/life-course\/news\/high-level-wg-hhr-report\/en\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (accessed January 2020)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[7] Victoria Boydell, Marta Schaaf, Asha George, Derick W Brinkerhoff, Sara Van Belle &amp; Rajat Khosla\u00a0(2019)\u00a0\u201cBuilding a transformative agenda for accountability in SRHR: lessons learned from SRHR and accountability literatures\u201d,\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u00a027:2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[8] Francoise Girard.\u00a0 Philanthropy for the Women\u2019s Movement, Not Just \u2018Empowerment\u2019. Stanford Social Innovation Review. November 2019. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/philanthropy_for_the_womens_movement_not_just_empowerment\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/philanthropy_for_the_womens_movement_not_just_empowerment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (accessed January 2020)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[9] UN. Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders. Report to the UN Human Rights Council, 2019. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24232&amp;LangID=E\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24232&amp;LangID=E<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (accessed January 2020)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[10] Kate Gilmore. Speech delivered at Manchester University on the occasion of 70th Anniversary of UDHR. 2018.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[11] UN Women. Generation Equality: Realizing Women\u2019s Rights for an Equal Future. Available at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/-\/media\/headquarters\/attachments\/sections\/library\/publications\/2019\/generation-equality-realizing-womens-rights-for-an-equal-future-en.pdf?la=en&amp;vs=2211\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/-\/media\/headquarters\/attachments\/sections\/library\/publications\/2019\/generation-equality-realizing-womens-rights-for-an-equal-future-en.pdf?la=en&amp;vs=2211<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. (31 January 2020)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution IGO License (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/igo\/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction for non-commercial purposes in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cIf there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women\u2019s rights and women\u2019s rights are human rights once and for all.\u201d [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2020\/03\/08\/twenty-five-years-after-the-beijing-declaration-we-need-to-reaffirm-that-womens-rights-are-human-rights\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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