{"id":46232,"date":"2019-12-06T17:08:51","date_gmt":"2019-12-06T16:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=46232"},"modified":"2019-12-12T17:27:16","modified_gmt":"2019-12-12T16:27:16","slug":"china-urgently-needs-to-address-the-low-use-of-child-safety-restraints-in-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2019\/12\/06\/china-urgently-needs-to-address-the-low-use-of-child-safety-restraints-in-vehicles\/","title":{"rendered":"China urgently needs to address the low use of child safety restraints in vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"standfirst\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the strong evidence for child safety seats, their use is very low in China, say Xiaofeng Zhao, Qiongrui Zhao, and Hengfen Li<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death globally and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/road_safety_status\/2018\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are responsible<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for around 1.35 million deaths every year<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In China<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpub\/article\/PIIS2468-2667(19)30057-X\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">estimated 262\u2008000 people<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> died in road traffic accidents in 2017<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, with an unfortunate number of children among them. The WHO has previously <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/usa.chinadaily.com.cn\/epaper\/2015-05\/06\/content_20636976.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">estimated that more than 10 000 children aged under 15<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are killed each year from road traffic injuries in deaths that are \u201centirely preventable<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Considering the high number of children killed in road traffic accidents, it is disappointing that China has yet to enact national <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/road_safety_status\/2018\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">legislation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that makes the use of child restraint systems (seats) for younger children mandatory. It\u2019s been estimated that in car crashes, child safety seats can reduce the risk of death and serious injury <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/5245244_Children_at_risk_Predictors_of_car_safety_seat_misuse_in_Ontario\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by 54% in toddlers and 71% in infants<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Despite the strong supporting evidence for child safety seats, their use is very low in China.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5086703\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">survey in the city of Shantou<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that only 1.1% of infants and toddlers, and about 10% of children aged 3 to 5, were using age-appropriate child restraint systems<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is much lower than in Australia (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/acrs.org.au\/files\/papers\/26%20Stewart%20Parents%20knowledge%20and%20use%20of%20child%20restraints.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">around<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mja.com.au\/journal\/2007\/186\/12\/seatbelts-and-law-how-well-do-we-protect-australian-children\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">90%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and the US (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/127\/4\/e1050\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">between 89 and 92%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In metropolitan cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/chinarealtime\/2014\/06\/27\/why-car-seats-havent-caught-on-in-china\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">40% of parents<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with children aged between 3 and 6 have said that they did have a car seat, but that they used them infrequently<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If China had legislation in place to enforce the use of child restraint systems, it would undoubtedly help to drive up usage rates. Several regions have introduced regional regulations that make the use of safety seats compulsory for children aged 4 and under (Shanghai and Shenzhen, for example), yet this is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.providencejournal.com\/cars\/content\/20140308-china-boosts-child-safety-seat-rules-to-protect-children-in-car-crashes.ece\">not the case nationally<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The price of car seats has historically been very high in China, particularly for lower income households, which may be a factor in their low use. For example, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1730147\/pdf\/v010p00338.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">one study found<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that factory workers in China would have to work 53.1 hours to be able to buy a car seat<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The installation and disassembly of safety seats is also not sufficiently simple, which decreases their use.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The public\u2019s poor understanding of the benefits of safety seats also prevents their widespread uptake. This, when coupled<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/17457300.2010.487155?journalCode=nics20\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with their high price<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, means that some parents do not buy a seat as they think it\u2019s not worth the money. Even among those who do buy a seat, several common misconceptions about their advantages prevail and stop parents from using them. For example,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.people.cn\/n3\/2016\/0226\/c98649-9021742.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">one survey that questioned 4375 parents<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jinan, and Chongqing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0found that even among parents who do buy seats, some think their use is only necessary on longer trips outside urban areas or on trips at high speeds\u2014based on the belief that such journeys are more hazardous. In addition, some parents and grandparents <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/17457300.2010.487155\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hold small children on their laps<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, believing that children are safer in their laps than in car seats<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transport injuries are not just a major medical problem, but also a social one; they have a substantial impact on the affected families and healthcare services, as well as generating losses for the national economy. It\u2019s therefore critical that there are strategies in place at a national level to protect the safety of children in vehicles. Towards this end, China\u2019s driving test should cover the importance of using child safety restraints in vehicles. This would be one way to improve public awareness, but community education campaigns should also be carried out to publicise the benefits of installing child safety restraints and the risks if you don\u2019t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, relevant laws must be enacted as soon as possible to improve the situation: vehicles carrying children that are not equipped with child safety seats should not be permitted to go on the road. Those who break these laws should be penalised in the same way that we would discipline people for drinking alcohol and driving. These strategies could reduce the burden of traffic related deaths and generate substantial health benefits for China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the former director general of the World Health Organization, Chan Fung Fu-chun, said: \u201cA country&#8217;s future lies with the young who cannot be lost in traffic accidents.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46238\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/12\/Xiaofeng_Zhao.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"131\" \/><em><strong>Xiaofeng Zhao<\/strong>, MD, PHD, Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. He specialises in social psychiatry and molecular psychiatry.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests: <\/strong>None declared<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46240\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/12\/Qiongrui_Zhao.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"139\" \/><em><strong>Qiongrui Zhao<\/strong>, MD, Department of Service Center of Clinical Research, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital,<\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Zhengzhou, Henan, China.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> She majors in epidemiology and health statistics and graduated from China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests: <\/strong>None declared<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46237\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/12\/hengfen_li.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"126\" height=\"131\" \/>Hengfen Li, MD, <\/strong> is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. She is a psychiatrist specialising in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of major depressive disorder<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests: <\/strong>None declared<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despite the strong evidence for child safety seats, their use is very low in China, say Xiaofeng Zhao, Qiongrui Zhao, and Hengfen Li [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2019\/12\/06\/china-urgently-needs-to-address-the-low-use-of-child-safety-restraints-in-vehicles\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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