{"id":44136,"date":"2019-02-26T16:05:01","date_gmt":"2019-02-26T15:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=44136"},"modified":"2019-02-26T16:05:35","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T15:05:35","slug":"unreported-clinical-trial-of-the-week-resources-for-urban-sexual-health-with-an-hiv-prophylaxis-component-nct02183909","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2019\/02\/26\/unreported-clinical-trial-of-the-week-resources-for-urban-sexual-health-with-an-hiv-prophylaxis-component-nct02183909\/","title":{"rendered":"Unreported clinical trial of the week: Resources for urban sexual health with an HIV prophylaxis component (NCT02183909)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aamena Bharmal, Nick DeVito, Ben Goldacre<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong><em>Background<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">The US FDA Amendments Act (FDAAA 2007) requires certain clinical trials to report their results onto ClinicalTrials.gov within one year of completion. European Union (EU) guidelines are broader: they require all trials of medicinal products registered on their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/\">EU Clinical Trials Registry<\/a>\u00a0(EUCTR) since 2004 to report results within one year of completion. Our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fdaaa.trialstracker.net\/\">FDAAA TrialsTracker<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eu.trialstracker.net\/\">EU TrialsTracker<\/a>\u00a0show all individual trials that breach these legal requirements. Each week we write about one unreported clinical trial: you can read more background\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/03\/29\/it-is-time-to-fix-the-problem-of-unreported-clinical-trials\/\">here<\/a>, and past entries are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/category\/unreported-trial-of-the-week\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong><em>Trial NCT02183909<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week\u2019s unreported trial is titled \u201cConnecting Resources for Urban Sexual Health\u201d (\u201cCRUSH\u201d) (<a href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02183909\">NCT02183909<\/a>). This trial assessed the CRUSH project: a behavioural intervention aimed at young men of colour who have sexual interactions with men (Y\/MSM) in the East Bay region of San Francisco. Although trials of behavioral interventions would not usually be covered under the FDAAA 2007, a substudy of this trial examined the tolerability and acceptability of Stribild\u00ae, a combination HIV therapy used here as a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) following the potential exposure of HIV-negative participants to an HIV-positive partner. Because the substudy uses an interventional drug treatment it is therefore covered under FDAAA 2007 and required to report results onto the register.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">380 participants (aged 18-29) were enrolled. While the study focused on young men who have sex with men, both transgender men and women who are sexually active with men and any HIV-negative young person with at least one known serodiscordant sexual partner were also included. It is not clear from the registry entry how many participants were expected for the PEP substudy, as opposed to the larger behavioral intervention. All participants received the same interventions with no masking: HIV positive participants received antiretroviral treatment and psychological support; HIV negative participants received frequent sexual health\/HIV testing and risk reduction counselling. HIV-negative participants who were tested within 72 hours of sexual interaction with an HIV positive male received Stribild\u00ae as PEP for 28 days. This study had four primary outcomes, three of which were related to the behavioral intervention while the fourth examined the tolerability and acceptability of Stribild\u00ae as PEP at 28 days. Seven additional secondary outcomes examined the safety, effectiveness, and adherence related to PEP treatment with Stribild\u00ae.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong><em>Clinical discussion<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/group\/msm\/index.html\">According to the CDC<\/a>\u00a067% of all new HIV diagnoses in the US are among gay and bisexual men; younger and racial\/ethnic minority populations have some of the highest rates of new disease.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/group\/gender\/transgender\/index.html\">US transgender populations<\/a>\u00a0are at high risk for acquiring HIV, but have low rates of HIV testing. This trial targets high risk groups, and would grow the evidence on the most effective way to be reduce the impact, transmission, and seroconversion of HIV through community-based interventions and psychological support.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">This trial also investigates the acceptability of Striblid\u00ae\u00a0as post-exposure prophylaxis antiretroviral therapy after sexual exposure (PEPSE). Prior research has shown\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-016-2056-3\">promising results<\/a>\u00a0for this combination therapy in use for PEP.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bhiva.org\/pepse-guidelines\">UK guidelines<\/a>\u00a0currently recommend using truvada and raltegravir for PEP as Striblid\u00ae\u00a0is only commissioned for the treatment of HIV-1 in the UK. In 2012 the <a href=\"https:\/\/fairpricingcoalition.org\/2012\/08\/30\/fpc-denounces-pricing-of-gileads-new-quad-antiretroviral-stribild\/?doing_wp_cron=1551192858.0562090873718261718750\">Fair Pricing Coalition<\/a> protested against the high ($28,500) wholesale price of Striblid\u00ae,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.poz.com\/article\/hiv-stribild-cost-22878-5791\">35% higher than the manufacturer\u2019s previous combination therapy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">If this trial had been reported within one year of the given primary completion date, it may have been included in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs10461-019-02414-x\">recent systematic review of interventions<\/a>\u00a0that promote frequent HIV testing. By not sharing this data, the robustness and validity of systematic reviews and meta-analysis for both behavioral interventions and HIV prophylaxis are potentially limited, impacting clinical and public health decision-making for people at high-risk for HIV infection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong><em>Legislative Discussion<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sponsors are responsible for ensuring the information provided on their registries is accurate and up to date\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/FR-2016-09-21\/pdf\/2016-22129.pdf\">per the FDAAA 2007<\/a>. While information submitted to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/a>\u00a0does undergo quality control review, inaccurate or contradictory data can still be posted to the registry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">The outcomes of this trial present a number of issues relating to registry data quality and outcome specification. The outcomes are generally poorly specified, lacking detail on how they will be measured (e.g. \u201cquality of life\u201d) and when. It is unclear whether measurements will occur once at one-year post-intervention (which is the minimum CDC states for men who have sex with men), or multiple times throughout the year (which would be in keeping with best practice for young men who have sex with men and men from ethnic minorities who have sex with men). Additionally all outcomes are measured on the same one year timescale, yet the primary and study completion dates differ by 5 months (March 2017 and August 2017). As\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/07\/10\/unreported-clinical-trial-of-the-week-impact-of-antiviral-medication-for-hepatitis-c-on-real-world-outcomes-nct02461745\/\">covered in prior UTOTWs<\/a>, \u201cPrimary Completion Date\u201d and \u201cStudy Completion Date\u201d have specific meanings on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/a>. In short, a \u201cPrimary Completion Date\u201d is the last date of the last visit for the primary outcomes, and \u201cStudy Completion Date\u201d is the last date of the last visit for all outcomes.Therefore it would only make sense for the trial to have discrepant \u201cprimary completion\u201d and \u201cstudy completion\u201d dates if some secondary outcomes were being measured later than the primary outcomes: according to the registry entry, they are not. Therefore: either the outcomes are incorrectly described; or one or both completion dates for this trial are inaccurate.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">As this trial combines a behavioural intervention (intensive risk-reduction counselling) with a drug treatment arm (the PEP substudy) perhaps the sponsors and investigators did not understand the reporting requirements of FDAAA. If their focus is usually on behavioral research, they may not know that including interventional drug treatments triggers coverage under the FDAAA 2007. As a side-issue, in our view it would be better for all trials &#8211; including trials of behavioural interventions &#8211; to be required to report their results under the law. Notably, another\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02852226\">registered study<\/a>\u00a0of CRUSH and HIV pre-exposure treatment by the same researchers is also unreported. This study is sponsored by a major public US research institution with over two dozen trials currently identified as covered under FDAAA. It is the responsibility of these institutions to ensure their sponsored research is in compliance with law; PIs are ethically responsible for understanding their obligations to report.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong><em>Conclusion<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">This unreported trial was sponsored by University of California, San Francisco, USA in partnership with East Bays AIDS center. \u00a0The PIs are Dr Jeff Burack, Dr Robert Grant and Dr Janet Myers. As of 25 February 2019, this trial is 331 days overdue to report. We hope the investigators will share the full results for this trial soon.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/02\/aamena_bharmal.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-44137\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/02\/aamena_bharmal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/02\/aamena_bharmal.jpg 160w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2019\/02\/aamena_bharmal-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a><em><strong>Aamena Bharmal<\/strong> is a doctor, and a current National Medical Director clinical fellow.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><strong>Competing Interests<\/strong>: none declared.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/ben_goldacre.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-41742\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/ben_goldacre.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/ben_goldacre.jpg 160w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/ben_goldacre-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 130px) 100vw, 130px\" \/><\/a><em><strong>Ben Goldacre<\/strong> is a doctor, author, and director of the EBM DataLab at the University of Oxford. He co-founded the AllTrials campaign for trials transparency.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Competing interests<\/strong>: BG has received research funding from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, the NHS National Institute for Health Research School of Primary Care Research, the Health Foundation, and the World Health Organization; he also receives personal income from speaking and writing for lay audiences on the misuse of science.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/nick_de_vito.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-41743\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/nick_de_vito.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/nick_de_vito.png 160w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/03\/nick_de_vito-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 130px) 100vw, 130px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Nicholas J DeVito<\/strong> is a researcher at the EBM Datalab at the University of Oxford.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests<\/strong>: ND is employed on BG\u2019s LJAF grant and is a Naji Foundation scholar at the University of Oxford.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aamena Bharmal, Nick DeVito, Ben Goldacre Background The US FDA Amendments Act (FDAAA 2007) requires certain clinical trials to report their results onto ClinicalTrials.gov within one year of completion. European [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2019\/02\/26\/unreported-clinical-trial-of-the-week-resources-for-urban-sexual-health-with-an-hiv-prophylaxis-component-nct02183909\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18897],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unreported-trial-of-the-week"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Unreported clinical trial of the week: Resources for urban sexual health with an HIV prophylaxis component (NCT02183909) - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2019\/02\/26\/unreported-clinical-trial-of-the-week-resources-for-urban-sexual-health-with-an-hiv-prophylaxis-component-nct02183909\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unreported clinical trial of the week: Resources for urban sexual health with an HIV prophylaxis component (NCT02183909) - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aamena Bharmal, Nick DeVito, Ben Goldacre Background The US FDA Amendments Act (FDAAA 2007) requires certain clinical trials to report their results onto ClinicalTrials.gov within one year of completion. 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