{"id":43585,"date":"2018-11-30T11:00:47","date_gmt":"2018-11-30T10:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=43585"},"modified":"2018-11-30T11:38:33","modified_gmt":"2018-11-30T10:38:33","slug":"global-health-disruptors-fourth-industrial-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/11\/30\/global-health-disruptors-fourth-industrial-revolution\/","title":{"rendered":"Global health disruptors: Fourth industrial revolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"standfirst\">We must ensure a digital future that is safe and inclusive for all, say Flavia Bustreo, Siddhartha Jha, and Stefan Germann<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digital concepts and solutions that were considered science fiction only a few decades ago are now coming to fruition. Remarkable developments in areas such as nanotechnology, connectivity, and artificial intelligence (AI) are unprecedented in scope, velocity, and impact, allowing for endless possibilities as well as disruptions. This is our fourth industrial revolution, and its disruptive potential for healthcare is only beginning to be grappled with. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With each opportunity, the fourth industrial revolution also brings critical questions such as, who owns our data? What bias is within these data? Who has access to the data? And how will the data be regulated? These are key matters that need to be tackled before global health governance and equity can be secured.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Digital disruptions have changed the nature of healthcare delivery. AI innovations have increased the speed at which clinical researchers can generate potential molecular targets for accelerated drug development, and with help from AI we can monitor individual health with exceptional accuracy. Further yet, the use of AI applications could result in enormous saved healthcare costs, whereby we move from reactive disease management to proactive prevention and health promotion, thus disrupting the entire healthcare sector. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We have many reasons to be optimistic that AI could prove transformative for healthcare, including in resource poor settings. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> But the extent to which everyone will benefit remains to be seen. The data that feed into AI systems deserve critical attention. To ensure value for all human beings\u2014irrespective of race, ethnicity, region, gender, or age\u2014we need unbiased and fully representative data. Without inclusivity and accessibility, the exponential developments of the fourth industrial revolution will only increase the gap between those who can benefit and those left behind. We need to foster environments suitable for AI and data governance frameworks across the world and to proactively engage governments, communities, and public and private players in discussions at every level, to generate unbiased, accurate, and secure data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The technological drivers of AI, big data, and digital solutions have major implications for global and national health governance and policy making. The speed at which these innovations develop requires us to change the nature of traditional, analogue management mindsets. Current approaches to ethical, legal, and regulatory frameworks are not sufficient to regulate new forms of data or the speed at which this change is happening.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Daniel Zajfman, president of the Weizmann Institute, said: \u201cIt seems that for the first time in human evolution, the speed of change is outpacing our evolutionary brain capacity to cope with it.\u201d [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Evidence tells us that the rapid growth in health data is facilitating an unprecedented understanding of our health and wellbeing like no other in human history. In Nigeria, for example, satellite and mobile phone data enabled the identification of 80\u2009000 people showing high risk of malaria transmission. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unfortunately, current trends show a move towards the privatisation of health data by the global tech giants and insurance companies. With this is mind, the data that work to combat diseases could be harnessed as another commodity shared with only the highest bidders. Initiatives such as the Open Data Barometer show a readiness by some governments to adopt more transparent data frameworks, but all actors in global health governance must make a collaborative effort for all health data to become a global public good. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We should look to the Indian government\u2019s recent introduction of the World Health Assembly resolution on digital health as a starting point towards the creation of health data as a global public good. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> But this still needs to be heavily built upon. Privacy, confidentiality, access, ethics, and ownership issues must be efficiently tackled, and the recently launched UN secretary general\u2019s high level panel on digital cooperation should take the governance and management of health data into consideration if it is to ensure a digital future that is safe and inclusive for all. [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> At the same time, we should develop and harness innovative solutions to unlock the value of this data to advance global health and wellbeing. Only then can we ensure that the fourth industrial revolution will live up to its promise in terms of our future health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><b><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/flavia_bustreo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-43587\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/flavia_bustreo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/flavia_bustreo.jpg 160w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/flavia_bustreo-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a>Flavia Bustreo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an international expert and advocate for child health and wellbeing and was previously the assistant director general for family, women\u2019s and children\u2019s health for the World Health Organization. She is currently a member of the board of Fondation Botnar.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><b><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/siddhartha_jha.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-43588\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/siddhartha_jha.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/siddhartha_jha.jpg 160w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/siddhartha_jha-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a>Siddhartha Jha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is the artificial intelligence\/digital programme manager for Fondation Botnar.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><b><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/stefan_germann.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-43589\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/stefan_germann.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/stefan_germann.jpg 160w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/11\/stefan_germann-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a>Stefan Germann<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is the CEO of Fondation Botnar<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><b>Competing interests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: None declared.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schwab<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">K<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The fourth industrial revolution. New York: World Economic Forum; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2017<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collier<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fu<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yin<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Artificial intelligence: healthcare\u2019s new nervous system.<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Accenture<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2017<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wahl<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cossy-Gantner<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germann<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schwalbe<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NR<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Artificial intelligence (AI) and global health: how can AI contribute to health in resource-poor settings?<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BMJ Glob Health<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2018<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">e000798<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=30233828&amp;dopt=Abstract\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> PubMed<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000798\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000798<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zajfman<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Curiosity driven research as driver for high value innovation. Presentation at 5th Agora round-up held in Z\u00fcrich on 3 September <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2018<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. Goal 3; good health and wellbeing. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.data4sdgs.org\/sdg3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/www.data4sdgs.org\/sdg3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Wide Web Foundation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. International open data conference. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/webfoundation.org\/2018\/09\/join-us-at-the-international-open-data-conference\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">webfoundation.org\/2018\/09\/join-us-at-the-international-open-data-conference\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Health Organization. Digital health. 21 May 2018. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA71\/A71_ACONF1-en.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">apps.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA71\/A71_ACONF1-en.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">United Nations. Secretary general\u2019s high level panel on digital cooperation. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/en\/content\/sg\/personnel-appointments\/2018-07-12\/secretary-generals-high-level-panel-digital-cooperation\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/en\/content\/sg\/personnel-appointments\/2018-07-12\/secretary-generals-high-level-panel-digital-cooperation<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We must ensure a digital future that is safe and inclusive for all, say Flavia Bustreo, Siddhartha Jha, and Stefan Germann [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/11\/30\/global-health-disruptors-fourth-industrial-revolution\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263,18904],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-health","category-global-health-disruptors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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