{"id":43225,"date":"2018-10-12T15:44:02","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T14:44:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=43225"},"modified":"2018-10-19T15:28:15","modified_gmt":"2018-10-19T14:28:15","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/10\/12\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . The Medicines Act 1968 and advertising medicinal products"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-32935\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"jeffrey_aronson\" width=\"122\" height=\"146\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuing my exploration, during <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bps.ac.uk\/education-engagement\/clinical-pharmacology-skills\/clinical-pharmacology-month\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Pharmacology Month<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, of the Medicines Act 1968, I turn to Part VI, \u201cPromotion of Sales of Medicinal Products\u201d (\u00a7\u00a792\u201397); i.e. advertising.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The IndoEuropean root WER, to turn, wind, or twist, was highly versatile, you might say.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Greek, \u1f10\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 was the name for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Erica<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">arborea<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, giant heather, from whose twisted roots briar pipes are made. Dioscorides called St John\u2019s wort \u1f51\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd (\u1f51\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1, over, + \u1f10\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b7); we call it <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hypericum perforatum<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. St John\u2019s wort is supposedly useful in the treatment of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8704532\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mild depression<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but, more importantly, causes <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16341856\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">enzyme induction<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which may reduce the efficacy of medications such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16722827\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ciclosporin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17305494\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">irinotecan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16988208\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ivabradine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14663455\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">oral contraceptives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28797065\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">warfarin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several Old Germanic forms derived from WER have given us many words: warth, meaning [turning] towards, became a suffix in words such as inward, outward, forward, backward, and sideward; werthaz, to turn into or become, is seen in stalwart and worth; wurthi, to turn into, gives us weird, like the Weird Sisters, from Old English wyrd, fate; other forms meaning to turn give us warp and wrap, wrangle, wreath, wrench, wring, wrist, wrinkle, and writhe. Awry, wry, and wrong connote twisting. And from Old English wyrgan, to strangle, we get worry. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Latin words from WER include vertere, to turn, vers\u0101re, to turn repeatedly, and vers\u0101r\u012b, to move around a place or frequent it. These give us versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra and vertebrate, vertex, vertigo, vortex, vorticism, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tinea versicolor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">; adverse, anniversary, bouleversement, controversy, converse, diverse, malversation, quaquaversal, tergiversate, transverse, universe, and vice versa; animadvert, avert, convert, divert, diverticulum, and divertissement, evert, extravert, introvert, invert, obvert, pervert, revert, and subvert; dextrorse, extrorse, introrse, retrorse, and sinistrorse. From vergere, to turn or be inclined, come verge, converge, and diverge. Verber, a whip or sling, gives us reverberate. Verb\u0113na, foliage used in religious rituals, gives us <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verbena<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or vervain. And vermis, a worm, gives us vermicelli, vermicular, vermin, and the vermiform appendix.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advertise and advertisement come from advertere, to turn towards (Latin, ad + vertere). The verb to advert means to take notice or pay attention to, but the word is now more commonly used as a short form of \u201cadvertisement\u201d. All of these forms first appeared in English at the start of the 15<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> century, the earliest recorded instances being in 1425\/6. However, \u201cadvertisement\u201d, a public notice or announcement, especially one advertising goods or services, did not emerge until the end of the 17<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> century. Joseph Addison, in an edition of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Spectator<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in 1712, referred to\u201d men who frequent Coffee-houses\u201d, who \u201cread the Advertisements with the same Curiosity as the Articles of publick News\u201d; Moll Flanders in Daniel Defoe\u2019s novel (1722) tells us how she settled a disagreement, in which she was the injured party, by demanding a payment and to be allowed to publish \u201can advertisement of the particulars in the common News Papers.\u201d She settled for \u00a3150, a suit of black silk, legal expenses, and \u201ca good supper\u201d as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Medicines Act 1968 laid down rules about advertising medicinal products. It made it illegal to give false or misleading information and to advertise unauthorized (i.e. \u201coff-label\u201d) recommendations. Anyone found guilty of an offence was to be liable: (a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding \u00a3400; (b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine [unspecified] or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both. It also became illegal to send an advertisement to a practitioner unless it was accompanied by a data sheet, in which case the advertisement should be \u201cnot inconsistent with the particulars given in the data sheet\u201d. In this section of the Act the term \u201cdata sheet\u201d was also defined.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Act also empowered the licensing authority to require copies of any advertisements and data sheets relating to medicinal products to be provided, and to ensure that they contained adequate information, did not include misleading information, and promoted safety.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How effective these regulations were, and how well enforced, is not clear. However, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29442380\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">quality of adverts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> changed over the succeeding years, as illustrated by four adverts taken from <em>The BMJ<\/em> (Figure 1). Furthermore, the numbers of adverts that <em>The BMJ<\/em> carried fell considerably from year to year, from 1288 adverts (340 products) in a 12 month period in 1955\/6 to 73 adverts (16 products) in a corresponding period in 1985\/6. Perhaps the Act was effective?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43227 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/10\/aronson_medicinesact_adverts.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"544\" height=\"765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/10\/aronson_medicinesact_adverts.png 544w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/10\/aronson_medicinesact_adverts-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Figure 1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Four examples of advertisements for Inderal, published in <em>The BMJ<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2022 top left: an early advert from 1965; as an indication, treatment of digitalis-induced arrhythmias, included in the advert, was removed from data sheets after 1975, being unauthorized<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2022 top right: an advert from 1972, including quotations from two publications, one of which states that \u201cWithin its limitations propranolol has proved as effective as any other \u00a0hypotensive agent &#8230;\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2022 bottom left: an advert from 1979, including information from the company\u2019s data sheet on indications, dosages, precautions, use in pregnancy, adverse reactions, withdrawal, and prices; product licence numbers are also given<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2022 bottom right: an advert from 1990, including much more information about the medication, taken from the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first beta-blocker, pronethalol, was marketed by ICI as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14074101\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alderlin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, named after Alderley Edge in Cheshire, where their laboratories were situated; after pronethalol was withdrawn, propranolol was introduced under the brand name <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14172034\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inderal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a near anagram of Alderlin; the next beta-blocker they marketed, practolol, was called <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4392001\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eraldin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong>\u00a0is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford&#8217;s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Continuing my exploration, during Clinical Pharmacology Month, of the Medicines Act 1968, I turn to Part VI, \u201cPromotion of Sales of Medicinal Products\u201d (\u00a7\u00a792\u201397); i.e. advertising. The IndoEuropean root WER, [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/10\/12\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5762],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jeff-aronsons-words"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . 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The Medicines Act 1968 and advertising medicinal products - The BMJ","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/10\/12\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . The Medicines Act 1968 and advertising medicinal products - The BMJ","og_description":"Continuing my exploration, during Clinical Pharmacology Month, of the Medicines Act 1968, I turn to Part VI, \u201cPromotion of Sales of Medicinal Products\u201d (\u00a7\u00a792\u201397); i.e. advertising. The IndoEuropean root WER, [...]More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/10\/12\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products\/","og_site_name":"The BMJ","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bmjdotcom\/","article_published_time":"2018-10-12T14:44:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-10-19T14:28:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":540,"height":350,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"BMJ","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@bmj_latest","twitter_site":"@bmj_latest","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"BMJ","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/10\/12\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/10\/12\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-the-medicines-act-1968-and-advertising-medicinal-products\/"},"author":{"name":"BMJ","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#\/schema\/person\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe"},"headline":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . 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