{"id":42831,"date":"2018-08-17T13:20:07","date_gmt":"2018-08-17T12:20:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=42831"},"modified":"2018-08-24T16:40:15","modified_gmt":"2018-08-24T15:40:15","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"jeffrey_aronson\"<\/a>Last week<\/span><\/a> I discussed the many different compounds that have a steroid skeleton at their core. However, in clinical parlance we use the term \u201csteroids\u201d to refer almost exclusively to the glucocorticosteroids [or glucocorticoids] that are secreted in the cortex of the adrenal gland and their semisynthetic derivatives, such as prednisolone and dexamethasone. If you want to use a mineralocorticoid you will generally name aldosterone specifically; if you want to use an anabolic steroid you will say \u201canabolic steroid\u201d; and if you want to refer to any of the many other compounds that contain the steroid skeleton you refer to them by their other names. <\/span><\/p>\n

The IndoEuropean root [S]KER is a confusing one, with many different meanings, giving rise to a multitude of unrelated words. For example, \u201cscherzo\u201d comes from the root [S]KER, which means to leap, and \u201ccurve\u201d comes from a different root altogether, [S]KER, meaning to turn or bend. A lot of linguistic detective work has gone into teasing out these different meanings and their ramifications. The variant of [S]KER with which we are concerned here means to cut, scratch, dig, or separate. It is highly prolific.<\/span><\/p>\n

The most basic derivatives come from Teutonic words. Shear means to cut, shears are scissors, and a ploughshare cuts the earth. Other cutting words include scrabble, scrap, scrape, scrub and shrub, sharp, and shred. A score was a notch that you cut into a piece of wood to keep tally, for example at cricket, and the number of runs thus came to be known as the score. A shepherd who counted in twenties might make a notch on his stick for every 20 sheep counted; \u201cthreescore\u201d used to to mean 60, and \u201cfourscore\u201d meant 80, just as \u201cquatre-vingt\u201d in French still does. At one time the staves on a sheet of music showing different instrumental or vocal parts in parallel were connected by lines or \u201cscores\u201d to show their connectedness; hence a musical score (Figure 1).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 1.<\/b> Vertical bar lines (scores) linking the treble and bass clefs in the score of Chopin\u2019s Nocturne Opus 9 Number 2<\/span><\/p>\n

A scar results from a cut in the skin and when you scarify your lawn you make scores in the surface. A scar or scaur is an indentation in a hill and therefore a cliff, and a scarp is an embankment. A scabbard is a sword protector, from SKER + BERGH, the latter half of this compound word implying protection, giving us bury and burial. To skirmish is to fight with a sword, like a Scaramouch, and scrimmages and scrums are kinds of fight. A screen cuts things off from each other. The digging meaning of [S]KER gave scrofa in Latin, a sow, one that roots about or digs. <\/span>Scrofula<\/span><\/a>, a little pig, was the name given to swelling of piglets\u2019 lymph nodes, later used to describe tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, also known as the King\u2019s Evil; some plants in the Scrophulariaceae genus were supposed to be curative.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reduce [S]KER to KER and you get a wide range of Greek and Latin words. For example, the Greek adjective \u03ba\u1f71\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 meant [cut] crosswise. Adding the prefix \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9, giving a sense of motion, gave \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u1f71\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, which also meant crosswise, but often in the restricted sense of running at right angles, describing, for example, a striped garment, the planks of a ship, or a grid of streets. It was also used to describe coastlines, as opposed to paths running inwards perpendicular to the coast. And \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u1f71\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, after consonantal shift and elision, gives us <\/span>bias<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Latin KER gave caro, flesh cut from the bone, and carnalis, fleshly. Carrion is dead flesh, carnage involves cutting a lot of flesh, and a charnel house is where the dead bodies are piled up. A caruncle, a small piece of flesh, like a turkey\u2019s wattle, also once meant a stricture.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cortex in Latin is the bark of a tree, which can easily be cut off. At one time it was used to refer to any bark used medicinally. Peruvian bark, or <\/span>Cortex Peruvianus<\/span><\/i> as William Salmon called it, was the bark of species of <\/span>Cinchona<\/span><\/i> tree used as a febrifuge, also called Jesuits\u2019 bark because they brought it back from the New World. Now we just use the quinine it contains.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cortex then came to mean the external part of various structures in plants and animals, like the cortex of the brain, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands. Thus, the steroids secreted in the cortex are called corticosteroids (Figure 2). <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 2.<\/b> Synthesis from cholesterol of corticosteroids (mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids) and sex hormones (oestrogens and androgens)<\/span><\/p>\n

They are of two types, depending on their biochemical effects, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Together with the androgens, their sites of synthesis in the adrenal gland appropriately cut right across the cortex (Figure 3).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 3.<\/b> A section through the cortex of the adrenal gland; the mineralocorticoid aldosterone is formed in the zona glomerulosa, glucocorticoids in the zona fasciculata, and androgens in the zona reticularis; oestrogens are formed peripherally; the adrenal medulla lies under the zona reticularis<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong>\u00a0is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Last week I discussed the many different compounds that have a steroid skeleton at their core. However, in clinical parlance we use the term \u201csteroids\u201d to refer almost exclusively to […]<\/p>\n

More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5762],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jeff-aronsons-words"],"yoast_head":"\nJeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last week I discussed the many different compounds that have a steroid skeleton at their core. However, in clinical parlance we use the term \u201csteroids\u201d to refer almost exclusively to [...]More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bmjdotcom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-08-17T12:20:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-08-24T15:40:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"BMJ\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@bmj_latest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bmj_latest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"BMJ\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"BMJ\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe\"},\"headline\":\"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-08-17T12:20:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-08-24T15:40:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":882,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Jeff Aronson's Words\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids - The BMJ\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-08-17T12:20:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-08-24T15:40:15+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg\",\"width\":540,\"height\":350},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/17\\\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/\",\"name\":\"The BMJ\",\"description\":\"Helping doctors make better decisions.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The BMJ\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/The-BMJ-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/05\\\/The-BMJ-logo.jpg\",\"width\":852,\"height\":568,\"caption\":\"The BMJ\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/bmjdotcom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/bmj_latest\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe\",\"name\":\"BMJ\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b4d8f39281bcae118348a1c027347b8e53b82d42520e774a8b50dd9a6ac6c01d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b4d8f39281bcae118348a1c027347b8e53b82d42520e774a8b50dd9a6ac6c01d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b4d8f39281bcae118348a1c027347b8e53b82d42520e774a8b50dd9a6ac6c01d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"BMJ\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bmj\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids - The BMJ","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids - The BMJ","og_description":"Last week I discussed the many different compounds that have a steroid skeleton at their core. However, in clinical parlance we use the term \u201csteroids\u201d to refer almost exclusively to [...]More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/","og_site_name":"The BMJ","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bmjdotcom\/","article_published_time":"2018-08-17T12:20:07+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-08-24T15:40:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":540,"height":350,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"BMJ","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@bmj_latest","twitter_site":"@bmj_latest","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"BMJ","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/"},"author":{"name":"BMJ","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#\/schema\/person\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe"},"headline":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids","datePublished":"2018-08-17T12:20:07+00:00","dateModified":"2018-08-24T15:40:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/"},"wordCount":882,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg","articleSection":["Jeff Aronson's Words"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/","name":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids - The BMJ","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg","datePublished":"2018-08-17T12:20:07+00:00","dateModified":"2018-08-24T15:40:15+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/02\/Jeffrey-Aronson.jpg","width":540,"height":350},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/17\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-corticosteroids\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Corticosteroids"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/","name":"The BMJ","description":"Helping doctors make better decisions.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#organization","name":"The BMJ","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/05\/The-BMJ-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2018\/05\/The-BMJ-logo.jpg","width":852,"height":568,"caption":"The BMJ"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bmjdotcom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/bmj_latest"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/#\/schema\/person\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe","name":"BMJ","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4d8f39281bcae118348a1c027347b8e53b82d42520e774a8b50dd9a6ac6c01d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4d8f39281bcae118348a1c027347b8e53b82d42520e774a8b50dd9a6ac6c01d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b4d8f39281bcae118348a1c027347b8e53b82d42520e774a8b50dd9a6ac6c01d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"BMJ"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42831\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}