{"id":42820,"date":"2018-08-15T14:07:35","date_gmt":"2018-08-15T13:07:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=42820"},"modified":"2020-06-16T11:08:43","modified_gmt":"2020-06-16T10:08:43","slug":"holiday-hunger-requires-radical-long-term-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/08\/15\/holiday-hunger-requires-radical-long-term-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Holiday hunger requires radical long term solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"

The rise in food aid is the predictable result of policies that have taken away from those who had least to begin with<\/p>\n

Last month the UK government announced\u00a0\u00a32 million of funding for free holiday activities and meals<\/span><\/a> for disadvantaged families, with<\/span>\u00a0children and families minister Nadhim Zahawi noting: <\/span>\u201cFor most pupils, the end of the school summer term signals the start of holidays, days out and a chance to make memories with friends and family. Other families, who might rely on the support provided by schools, are not so lucky.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Luck has nothing to do with it. The reason children are going hungry in <\/span>Breadline Britain<\/span><\/a>\u2014not only during the holidays but all year round\u2014is that they are structurally disadvantaged by a shrinking welfare state and a government that refuses to take responsibility for the health and wellbeing of its children. Food \u201csolutions\u201d like the above initiative meet an immediate need but cannot solve food poverty; rather, they risk further stigmatising and excluding families from \u201c<\/span>ordinary living patterns.\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Having enough to eat of an adequate quantity and quality has long been a minimal expectation of what it is to live in a western country. But our study, <\/span>Families and Food in Hard Times<\/span><\/i>,<\/span><\/a> found that there were families in the UK on low incomes who were unable to feed themselves properly and others who were barely able to do so. Reflecting the findings of <\/span>previous studies<\/span><\/a>, some parents often went without food so that their children did not go hungry, while in other families both parent and child suffered. <\/span><\/p>\n

The harmful consequences of insufficient food or food of poor nutritional value, particularly for children, are well established<\/a> and have immediate<\/a> and long term<\/a> implications<\/span>. These include poor growth; overweight and obesity; and the growing incidence<\/a> of coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, and cancer.<\/span> Suboptimal diets and food habits such as skipping meals<\/a> are also associated with poor cognition and lower academic achievement.<\/span> Moreover, <\/span>food poverty has social and psychological dimensions that are especially important for children<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> While parents\u2019 sacrifices can protect their children from food shortages, the indirect effects of food poverty <\/span>penetrate deeply into the \u201cemotional heartland\u201d of children\u2019s personal and family lives<\/span><\/a>. As one girl told us<\/a>: <\/span><\/p>\n

If there isn\u2019t enough food we\u2019ll get it and sometimes mum will go hungry and starve and stuff. Even if it\u2019s not that much food for me and [my brother], it\u2019s enough that we\u2019ve actually had something, whereas mum hasn\u2019t, and it gets a bit to the point where we\u2019ll start feeling guilty because mum hasn\u2019t had anything and we\u2019ve had it. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

(Bryony,* aged 13, coastal town in the south east of England)<\/span><\/p>\n

The school holidays bring <\/span>greater financial and social pressures for families<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> However, \u201c<\/span>there are a range of structural causes of poverty that increase the vulnerability of children and families to experiencing hunger in the school holidays, and in that sense, holiday hunger is not a discrete issue to be considered in isolation.<\/span><\/a>\u201d<\/span> Additional funds to help disadvantaged children with \u201cfood and fun\u201d over the holidays are welcome. But given the scale of the problem, this solution goes nowhere near far enough and cannot address the underlying factors that lead to the food poverty of children and their families.<\/span><\/p>\n

A week after the government announced funding for additional school holiday provision, <\/span>it was revealed<\/a> that it is commissioning research into the relationship between its own policies and the rise in food aid<\/span>. Yet there is plenty of evidence already that <\/span>this growth is the predictable, and some suggest intended, result<\/a> of policies that have taken away from those who had least to begin with.<\/span> Food aid, including school holiday provision, is an inadequate response that is \u201csusceptible to four particular challenges: [it] can be <\/span>inaccessible, unreliable, unaccountable, and socially unacceptable<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

To address the food poverty of children and families, the government should make use of research on <\/span>budget standards<\/span><\/a> to ensure that wages and benefits, in combination, are adequate for <\/span>a socially acceptable standard of living and eating<\/a>, which recognises the fundamental role of food in health and social inclusion.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the UK, we are living in a period of deep political and economic uncertainty. Given the UK\u2019s exit from <\/span>the European Union<\/span><\/a>, the implementation of further cuts to welfare benefits, and rising inflation (including food prices), the plight of families such as Bryony\u2019s is unlikely to improve. Food poverty and its effects on children\u2019s and young people\u2019s physical and emotional wellbeing is a matter of grave concern. Yet in the face of piecemeal solutions and government neglect, the outlook looks set to remain bleak. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

*For the purpose of anonymity, a pseudonym has been used.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Rebecca O\u2019Connell<\/em><\/strong> is a reader in the sociology of food and families at the Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education. She is coauthor, with Julia Brannen, of <\/em>Food, Families and Work (2016) and principal investigator of the study of <\/em>Families and Food in Hard Times<\/a><\/span>. <\/span>This research project was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7\/2007-2013) \/ERC grant agreement n\u00b0 337977.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests: <\/strong>I have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and declare the following interests: <\/span>None.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Julia Brannen<\/strong> is professor of sociology of the family, Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, London, and a fellow of the Academy of Social Science. She has an international reputation for research on family life, work-family issues, intergenerational relationships, and food in families.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong> None declared.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Abigail Knight<\/strong> is a lecturer in sociology at the Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education. Her research focuses on the lives of children, young people, and their families from sociological and social policy perspectives.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong> None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The rise in food aid is the predictable result of policies that have taken away from those who had least to begin with […]<\/p>\n

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