{"id":42363,"date":"2018-06-15T11:21:11","date_gmt":"2018-06-15T10:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=42363"},"modified":"2018-06-22T16:11:54","modified_gmt":"2018-06-22T15:11:54","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-grimley-evans-geriatrics-gerontology-and-geratology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/06\/15\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-grimley-evans-geriatrics-gerontology-and-geratology\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Grimley Evans, geriatrics, gerontology, and geratology"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Sir John Grimley Evans, <\/span>Grimley<\/span><\/a> to all who knew him, died unexpectedly on 26 March 2018, and Oxford\u2019s Green-Templeton College, previously Green College, of which he was an emeritus fellow, held a memorial service on 1 June. \u201cGrimley\u201d comes from an Old Norse name Gr\u00edmr, meaning a masked or hooded person or a shape changer. It was a name by which the chief Norse god, Odin, was known, and children who were so named may have expected his protection. The ending \u2013ley is from an Old English word, l\u0113ah, meaning a wood or clearing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Grimley came to Oxford in 1985 to be professor of geriatric medicine from a similar chair in Newcastle. Knowing that his patients disliked the term \u201cgeriatric\u201d, he later applied successfully to the university to have name of the subject changed to clinical geratology.<\/span><\/p>\n

Grimley and T Franklin Williams co-edited the <\/span>Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine<\/span><\/i> in 1992. Their joint preface referred to \u201cmedical geratology\u201d, although Grimley\u2019s title was still \u201cprofessor of geriatric medicine\u201d. <\/span>Robert W Stout<\/span><\/a>, a Belfast geriatrician, reviewed it in the <\/span>Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London<\/span><\/i>, as it was then known (now, alas, pedestrianly titled <\/span>Clinical Medicine<\/span><\/i>). \u201cProfessor Grimley Evans would like to introduce the word \u2018geratology\u2019 to describe his [<\/span>sic<\/span><\/i>] specialty. The <\/span>Shorter Oxford English dictionary<\/span><\/i> defines geratology as \u2018the science of the phenomena of decadence, especially in a species of animals approaching extinction\u2019. Does he know something the rest of us do not know?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Grimley <\/span>replied<\/span><\/a> in the next issue of the journal, in April 1993. Here is his letter in full:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cProfessor Stout is concerned for the future of the human species now that the University of Oxford has designated our [<\/span>sic<\/span><\/i>] subject as clinical geratology. I am delighted to discover that Professor Stout has access to the <\/span>Shorter Oxford English dictionary<\/span><\/i> whence he has plucked the archaic implication of decadence and impending extinction that he quotes. I could wish that he also had a copy of <\/span>Collins dictionary<\/span><\/i> from which he would learn that nowadays geratology is \u2018the branch of medicine concerned with ageing\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDr Alex Comfort pointed out [in <\/span>The Biology of Senescence<\/span><\/i>, RKP 1956] that while \u2018geriatrics\u2019 is a serviceable term for medical practice among old people, \u2018gerontology\u2019 is a false coining for the science of ageing since it implies restriction to the study of old men (\u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2). The more commodious concept of geratology is derived from \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 (old age) and is a proper interest for an academic department of a liberal university.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe editors of the <\/span>Oxford English dictionary<\/span><\/i> assured me last year that they will modernise the definition of geratology for their next edition citing Dr Comfort in literary provenance. This will be a worthy tribute to an author whose various writings have done so much to inform the professional and enliven the private lives of geratologists.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Here is what <\/span>Comfort wrote <\/span>on page 3 of his book<\/span>,<\/span> in a footnote to the word \u201cgerontologist\u201d: \u201cI dislike this word, but it is probably too well grown for eradication. It should mean \u2018a student of old men\u2019 (\u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd) and gerontology the study of old men. For the study of age itself, the subject of this book, we require geratology (\u03b3\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2), upon which it would be fruitless to insist.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Comfort, better known as the author of <\/span>The Joy of Sex<\/span><\/i> (1972), did not coin \u201cgeratology\u201d. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is the Harvard Professor E[arnest] A Hooton in \u201cAn anthropologist looks at medicine\u201d (<\/span>Science<\/span><\/i> 1936; 83(2151): 271-6): \u201cI venture to suggest the need of a science, or at least a medical specialty, of geratology, or the study of old age changes and their relation to disease.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Dictionaries (Table 1) typically define \u201cgeriatrics\u201d as a medical specialty and \u201cgerontology\u201d as a science, but they either do not define \u201cgeratology\u201d at all or define it inconsistently. In the online <\/span>OED<\/span><\/i> \u201cgeratology\u201d is still defined as \u201cThe science of the phenomena of decadence, esp. those characteristic of a species or other group of animals approaching extinction\u201d; and only one citation is given, from Alphaeus Hyatt\u2019s paper \u201cThe Evolution of the Cephalopoda\u2014II\u201d (<\/span>Science<\/span><\/i> 1884; 3(53): 145-9). Old age medicine is not mentioned.<\/span><\/p>\n

To be fair to the editors of the <\/span>OED<\/span><\/i>, \u201ctheir next edition\u201d, to which Grimley referred, is still in preparation, as Edmund Weiner recently pointed out to me; \u201cgeratology\u201d will have its day.<\/span><\/p>\n

Table 1.<\/b> Definitions of geriatrics, gerontology, and geratology in different dictionaries<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

* Online editions accessed 14 June 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2020 The first edition of the <\/span>OED<\/span><\/i> includes \u201cgeratology\u201d in its older sense but does not mention either \u201cgeriatrics\u201d or \u201cgerontology\u201d; this is not surprising\u2014the relevant fascicles, Gaincope\u2013Germanizing and Germano\u2013Glass-cloth, both edited by Henry Bradley, were finalized in 1898 and 1899, before they were first recorded; however, the words were not included in the 1933 Supplement and did not appear until Robert W Burchfield published <\/span>A Supplement to the OED, Volume 1, A\u2013G <\/span><\/i>in 1972<\/span><\/p>\n

\"jeffrey_aronson\"<\/a>Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong>\u00a0is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sir John Grimley Evans, Grimley to all who knew him, died unexpectedly on 26 March 2018, and Oxford\u2019s Green-Templeton College, previously Green College, of which he was an emeritus fellow, […]<\/p>\n

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