{"id":41804,"date":"2018-04-09T09:45:07","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T08:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=41804"},"modified":"2018-04-20T16:25:16","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T15:25:16","slug":"elizabeth-loder-rich-journals-poor-journals-and-why-we-should-mind-the-gap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2018\/04\/09\/elizabeth-loder-rich-journals-poor-journals-and-why-we-should-mind-the-gap\/","title":{"rendered":"Elizabeth Loder: Rich journals, poor journals, and\u00a0why we should mind the gap\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elite medical journals are resource-rich but lower-tier journals struggle<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"elizabeth_loder\"<\/a><\/p>\n

I inhabit two editorial worlds. In one, I am head of research for\u00a0<\/span>The BMJ<\/span><\/i>. In the other, I am a volunteer associate editor for two small\u00a0subspecialty journals.\u00a0As a BMJ editor\u00a0I have access to top-level expertise and help of all kinds. As an editor for\u00a0the smaller journals, things are very different.\u00a0\u00a0Few spare a thought for\u00a0the\u00a0disparities\u00a0between\u00a0elite, high-impact\u00a0journals and their lower\u00a0tier brethren, but the gap between them has\u00a0important consequences for the medical literature.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Medical\u00a0journals exist on a spectrum and any division into\u00a0rich\u00a0or\u00a0poor,\u00a0elite\u00a0or\u00a0non-elite is\u00a0arbitrary. But clearly there are differences in financial resources, expertise, and standards, and these tend to track together. My comments apply to\u00a0legitimate\u00a0journals, not so-called predatory journals that deliberately shirk their responsibilities in order to maximise profits.<\/span><\/p>\n

By any measure, top journals are resource-rich.\u00a0They\u00a0have\u00a0experienced\u00a0medical editors, professional statisticians, technical editors,\u00a0and a bevy of other\u00a0capable\u00a0specialists. Their status and impact factor ensure that they\u00a0have their pick of excellent\u00a0papers from top researchers.\u00a0Non-elite journals have few or none of these things.\u00a0As a rule, they depend on volunteer editors whose skills and training vary.\u00a0They receive a smaller and far less select set of papers.<\/span><\/p>\n

But\u00a0the gap between elite and non-elite journals isn\u2019t just a matter of resources.\u00a0Entanglements\u00a0of interest are more common\u00a0at non-elite journals too, often involving\u00a0journal editors,\u00a0society leaders, authors,\u00a0peer reviewers, and the companies whose products are evaluated in studies submitted to the journal. These companies\u00a0often are major donors to the\u00a0professional societies that own some of these journals.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Put\u00a0these pieces together and\u00a0the resulting\u00a0picture isn’t pretty. There’s often a\u00a0serious mismatch between the amount of scrutiny a research paper might need and the resources that a journal can\u00a0or will\u00a0bring to bear.\u00a0Research papers\u00a0submitted to major journals\u00a0are\u00a0usually\u00a0improved by the attention they receive, but serious contenders are\u00a0good to begin with. In contrast, submissions to lower-tier journals that would benefit\u00a0from\u00a0careful scrutiny are less likely to get it.\u00a0Many such\u00a0journals can and do publish excellent work, but it’s much easier for\u00a0sub-par papers\u00a0to\u00a0get\u00a0through.<\/span><\/p>\n

What does this mean for the medical literature? Nothing good. Small, poorly reported studies, or those with other quality problems may enter the literature in lower-tier journals, but they don\u2019t always stay there. Some eventually are bundled into systematic reviews and meta-analyses. These in turn may be published in top-tier journals. The result is an instant upgrade to the top of the evidence hierarchy. It\u2019s not unlike the packaging of junk bonds.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What can be done? Perhaps we should not tolerate such major resource inequalities among journals. Some groups are making an effort to address disparities. The <\/span>World Association of Medical Editors<\/span><\/a> and the <\/span>Committee on Publication Ethics<\/span><\/a>, for example, work to improve editorial standards and professionalism. They provide accessible resources and advice that are free or low-cost. The <\/span>African Journal Partnership Project<\/span><\/a> pairs major journals, including <\/span>The BMJ,<\/span><\/i> with smaller journals in Africa. The scheme provides material and technical support in addition to advice and mentorship. More projects like this, and on a larger scale, certainly would help, but the challenge seems bigger than that.<\/span><\/p>\n

At present the gap is widening, in part because the journal system is a winner-takes-all scheme. This particular scheme makes losers of us all, though. The problems are clear, but the solutions are less obvious. Meanwhile, we should all mind the gap.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elizabeth Loder<\/strong> is head of research, <\/em>The BMJ.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elite medical journals are resource-rich but lower-tier journals struggle […]<\/p>\n

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