{"id":40536,"date":"2017-11-02T17:23:04","date_gmt":"2017-11-02T16:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=40536"},"modified":"2017-11-03T09:46:19","modified_gmt":"2017-11-03T08:46:19","slug":"ollie-minton-et-al-learning-from-deaths","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2017\/11\/02\/ollie-minton-et-al-learning-from-deaths\/","title":{"rendered":"Ollie Minton et al: Learning from deaths"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The media have a longstanding interest in \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h3239\">avoidable deaths<\/a>\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in hospital<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Recently, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i2781\">a particular reporting focus<\/a> was on variation in mortality at the weekend<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Predictably, this caused major controversy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most care given in hospitals is to use the CQC\u2019s jargon\u2014\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cqc.org.uk\/what-we-do\/how-we-do-our-job\/five-key-questions-we-ask\">safe and effective<\/a>.\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Undoubtedly, there are systemic problems that influence outcomes and mortality, and occasionally things do go wrong. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4845030\/\">Data from cohort studies<\/a> show that at any one time, 30% of patients acutely admitted to hospital are likely to be in their last year of life<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In addition, a proportion of patients present acutely unwell, with an illness or trauma that they may not survive despite being given the best care available.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hospitals are (usually) reserved for the sickest patients, and whatever doctors do, some will die. However, unexpected deaths should always be thoroughly investigated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, where I work, is one of the first trusts to use the mortality review framework of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/projects\/national-mortality-case-record-review-programme\">Royal College of Physicians (RCP)<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, that assesses comprehensively all deaths that occurred over a period of six months. We would like to encourage others to do the same. We have no reason to believe that the first six months of our review are not representative, but we will continue to monitor this as we review this every six months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We have all received training, and one of us (NK) is a national trainer. We tried to review every death in our trust and have now completed a review of more than 80% of deaths that occurred within a six month period. Deaths are rare in our trust, and rates do not seem to be consistent with the threshold of 3% of admissions quoted in a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h3239\">research paper<\/a> in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The BMJ.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We learnt that we needed a minimum number of reviewers to ensure we could cover the numbers of deaths. We also needed additional analyst and audit support to design and maintain the data collection. Every death was a learning opportunity, even those that were expected or unavoidable. The lessons learnt enabled us to instruct junior doctors in how to certify a death or report a death to the coroner. As independent reviewers, we provided real time feedback to consultant colleagues\u2014any problems can then be investigated promptly. We informed bereaved families of the review process, aiming to resolve any problems as early as possible. The proportion of deaths associated with significant care issues that we identified was less than 2%. We found great variation in the time taken to make DNACPR decisions and discussions before death.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As St George\u2019s is a major trauma centre and cardiac and neuroscience tertiary centre, we will always admit acutely ill patients with non-survivabl<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">e insults and injuries<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Nearly 10% of our deaths followed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We also wanted to link any learning <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to the recognition that a patient is deteriorating<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and raised <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/projects\/outputs\/national-early-warning-score-news\">early warning scores\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to ensure that care was escalated in a timely and appropriate manner, including consultant level reviews.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We would like to encourage earlier DNACPR discussions where appropriate and specific treatment escalation plans\u2014for example, by using the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.respectprocess.org.uk\/\">ReSPECT tool <\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">or similar.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We keep trying to learn learn from errors by being transparent and open and by talking to each other, as well as relatives and patients, as early as possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To us, comprehensive assessment and transparency seem the best way to learn from possible mistakes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-40537\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/11\/ollie_minton2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>Ollie Minton<\/strong>, Macmillan consultant in palliative medicine, St George&#8217;s hospital<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-40538\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/11\/nigel_kennea.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>Nigel Kennea<\/strong>, associated medical director for mortality, St George&#8217;s hospital<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-40539\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/11\/serena_haywood.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>Serena Haywood<\/strong>, consultant developmental paediatrician, St George&#8217;s hospital<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-40540\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2017\/11\/kate_hutt.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>Kate Hutt<\/strong>, Audit lead, St George&#8217;s hospital<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Competing interests<\/strong>: Nigel Kennea is now a national trainer for the royal college mortality reviews.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The media have a longstanding interest in \u201cavoidable deaths\u201d in hospital. Recently, a particular reporting focus was on variation in mortality at the weekend. Predictably, this caused major controversy. Most [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2017\/11\/02\/ollie-minton-et-al-learning-from-deaths\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guest-bloggers"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ollie Minton et al: Learning from deaths - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2017\/11\/02\/ollie-minton-et-al-learning-from-deaths\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ollie Minton et al: Learning from deaths - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The media have a longstanding interest in \u201cavoidable deaths\u201d in hospital. 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