{"id":40342,"date":"2017-10-10T11:03:57","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T10:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=40342"},"modified":"2017-10-20T16:09:17","modified_gmt":"2017-10-20T15:09:17","slug":"richard-smith-how-we-shun-the-mortally-ill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2017\/10\/10\/richard-smith-how-we-shun-the-mortally-ill\/","title":{"rendered":"Richard Smith: How we shun the mortally ill"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"richard_smith_2014\"<\/a>When you develop a mortal illness, as you will do if you\u2019re not one of the fifth of the population who dies suddenly, you are likely to find that many friends desert you. The same will happen if somebody in your family develops such an illness. And if you\u2019re a doctor then the people most likely to shun you are your medical colleagues.<\/span> The isolation of the seriously ill and their relatives is the great unrecognised scandal of our age, said Neil Vickers, reader in English literature and medical humanities at King\u2019s College London, at a recent symposium on Ambiguities and Paradoxes in Clinical Medicine.<\/span> The able bodied in this way make the suffering of the seriously ill much worse.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fergus Shanahan, professor of medicine at University College Cork, found that many of his colleagues looked the other way when his son developed a serious illness. He pointed the symposium to a famous 1982 article in the <\/span>New England Journal of Medicine<\/span><\/i><\/a> by the endocrinologist David Rabin from Vanderbilt Medical Centre who described how when he developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis he became isolated from most of his fellow physicians. (Vickers, who collects accounts of serious illnesses, observes that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis write the best accounts\u2014probably because they have the time.) <\/span><\/p>\n

At first Rabin kept his condition hidden, but eventually it became obvious: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe inquiries [about my health] ceased and were replaced by a very obvious desire to avoid me. When I arrived at work in the morning I could see, from the corner of my eye, colleagues changing their pace or stopping in their tracks to spare themselves the embarrassment of bumping into me. This dramatic change in their behaviour occurred when it became common knowledge that David Rabin had ALS. I state with total conviction that my colleagues never meant to hurt me. On the contrary, I was of Vanderbilt, and they grieved for me, yet were unable to express their grief.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNon-physicians\u2014the technicians, the secretaries, the cleaning women\u2014\u201c did not, he observed, avoid him in the same way.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the heart of Rabin\u2019s article is a chilling story:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOne day, while crossing the little courtyard outside, the emergency room, I fell. A longtime colleague was walking by. He turned, and our eyes met as I lay sprawled on the ground. He quickly averted his eyes, pretended not to see me, and continued walking. He never even broke his stride. I suppose he ignored the obvious need for help out of embarrassment and discomfort, for I knew him to be a compassionate and caring physician.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Rabin follows this story by remembering how he \u201calways thought up a dozen good reasons to avoid visiting\u201d a colleague who died of a brain tumour.<\/span><\/p>\n

Why do doctors behave this way? <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPerhaps,\u201d hypothesises Rabin,\u201d it is because we\u2026are the healers. We dispense treatment, counsel, and support, and we represent strength. The dichotomy of being both doctor and patients threatens the integrity of the club\u2026the sick physician makes us feel uncomfortable. He reminds us of our own vulnerability and mortality, and this is frightening for those of us who deal with disease every day while arming ourselves with an imagined cloak of immunity against personal illness.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Vickers thinks that Darwinism has something useful to say about why people generally stay away from the seriously ill and why some people do help. We avoid the mortally ill to preserve our own physical and mental health just as the herd leaves the weakest members at the back to be picked off by predators. But there are exceptions: we are trying to perpetuate our own genes so partner selection (mating) and kin selection (children) matter most\u2014and so we care for our sick kin. But \u201creciprocal altruism\u201d is also important for protecting our genes and helps explain why we care for some of the seriously ill who are not kin but who may lead to benefit for us and our genes. Vickers noted in support of this idea that people who have young mates are most likely to desert them if they become seriously ill, taking the chance to find a new mate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some of those at the symposium found this too reductionist, and Iona Heath, a retired general practitioner, thought that it is the existential dread of death that we all have that keeps us away from the seriously ill.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shanahan offered some simple rules on how to interact with the seriously ill, their carers, and the bereaved: <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Don\u2019t ignore them <\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Turn up <\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Ask directly \u201cHow is the cancer?\u201d <\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Say \u201cI don\u2019t know what to say\u201d if you don\u2019t know what to say <\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Avoid storytelling, particularly of \u201cremarkable cures.\u201d This, he observed, is a common reaction. <\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Don\u2019t try to be funny unless you\u2019re sure you can carry it off. (I thought here of my brother, a professional comedian, saying to my dying father: \u201cWhat you need is a good doctor. You need Dr Shipman.\u201d My father laughed.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Rabin also ends his article with advice:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u201cDo not ignore your colleague. Greet him. Inquire about his health. Offer him support if he is physically handicapped. Ask to visit him.\u201d [In 1982, you will know, male pronouns were taken to include females, but \u201ccasual sexism\u201d was also normal.]<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u201cBe conscious of the family and extend your support to them.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Bear in mind that the absence of a magic potion against the disease does not render the physician impotent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Rabin concludes: \u201cNo one else [apart from the family] can assume the burden, but knowing that you are not forgotten does ease the pain.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      Richard Smith<\/strong>\u00a0was the editor of The BMJ until 2004.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Competing interest:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      When you develop a mortal illness, as you will do if you\u2019re not one of the fifth of the population who dies suddenly, you are likely to find that many […]<\/p>\n

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