{"id":39602,"date":"2017-07-07T15:42:23","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T14:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=39602"},"modified":"2017-07-08T13:56:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-08T12:56:00","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-resistentialism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2017\/07\/07\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-resistentialism\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Resistentialism"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"jeffrey_aronson\"<\/a>\u201cResistentialism is a philosophy of tragic grandeur. It \u2026 derives its name from its central thesis that Things (res<\/em>) resist (r\u00e9sister<\/em>) men. Philosophers have become excited at various times, says [its originator Pierre-Marie] Ventre, about Psycho-Physical Parallelism, about Idealism, about the I-Thou Relation, about Pragmatism. All these were, so to speak, pre-atomic philosophies. They were concerned merely with what men think about Things. Now resistentialism is the philosophy of what Things think about us. The tragic, cosmic answer, after centuries of man’s attempts to dominate Things, is our progressive losing of the battle. \u2018Things are against us\u2019 is the nearest I can get to the untranslatable lucidity of Ventre’s profound aphorism, \u2018Les choses sont contre nous.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Now, lest anyone has excitedly read this text, thinking that here is a new and interesting philosophy to which attention must be paid, let me quickly scotch any such idea. The paragraph above is taken from an extended essay called \u201cReport on Resistentialism\u201d by the English humorist Paul Jennings, parodying Jean-Paul Sartre. It should not be taken seriously.<\/p>\n

Paul Jennings was born in 1918 in Leamington Spa. After serving in the Royal Corps of Signals during the war, he started writing freelance articles for periodicals such as Punch<\/em> and The Spectator<\/em>, and then, in 1949, joined the staff of The Observer<\/em>, to which he contributed a weekly humorous article under the general heading \u201cOddly Enough\u201d, finishing only in 1966. Collections of his pieces were published by Max Reinhardt Ltd in the 1950s and 1960s, starting with Oddly Enough<\/em> (1950) and continuing with Even Oddlier<\/em> (1952), Oddly Bodlikins<\/em> (1953), Next to Oddliness<\/em> (1955), Model Oddlies<\/em> (1956), Gladly Oddly<\/em> (1958), Idly Oddly<\/em> (1959), I Said Oddly Diddle I?<\/em> (1961), Oodles of Oddlies<\/em> (1963), Oddly Ad Lib<\/em> (1965), and I Was Joking, of Course<\/em> (1968), as if anyone ever doubted it. Retrospective collections appeared as The Jenguin Pennings <\/em>(1964), Golden Oddlies<\/em> (1983), and The Paul Jennings Reader<\/em> (1990). The historian Norman Scarfe, who contributed the entry on Jennings to The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography<\/em>, wrote of him that \u201cHis method was to start with something very familiar and then spin illogical and fantastic speculations around it, creating a brilliant and often subversive parody.\u201d A perfect description.<\/p>\n

\u201cReport on Resistentialism\u201d first appeared as a one-page article<\/a> in The Spectator<\/em> on 23 April 1948 and was reprinted<\/a> in The New York Times<\/em> on 13 June 1948. A much extended version appeared first in Town and Country<\/em> in 1949 and then in Oddly Enough<\/em> (picture). A later piece, \u201cDevelopments in Resistentialism\u201d was included in Even Oddlier<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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The importance of Jennings\u2019s article lies not in the idea of resistentialism\u2014others had postulated the malignity of inanimate objects before and have done so independently since\u2014but in the nature of his parody of Sartre and other philosophers, whom he calls, for example, Freidegg, Heidansiecker, Qwertyuiop, and Pompes-Fun\u00e8bres. Sartre\u2019s play \u201cHuis Clos\u201d is lampooned as \u201cPuits Clos\u201d. The Universe is La Derni\u00e8re Chose<\/em>, man is un pseudo-chose<\/em> or Not-Woman, while woman is Not-Man. Things exist not merely in themselves (chose-en-soi<\/em>) but also as malignant objects existing for<\/em> themselves (chose-pour-soi<\/em>). Resistentialist music has no instruments, paintings no paint. Ventre sees science \u201cnot as man\u2019s conquest of Things but as the conquest of man by<\/em> Things\u201d, thus \u201c[bridging] the gap between philosophy and science\u201d, in a way that even C P Snow and F R Leavis did not postulate when they later came to debate the so-called two cultures<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The word \u201cresistentialism\u201d has been done the honour of being included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, where it is defined as \u201cThe [humorous] theory that inanimate objects are hostile to humans; hostility manifested by inanimate objects\u201d, accompanied by illustrative quotations from Jennings and others. It is described as being derived from a blend of either resist or French r\u00e9sister<\/em> with existentialism, punning on classical Latin res, things.<\/p>\n

In one sense Jennings\u2019s parody failed, since he wrote it in comprehensible language, in contrast to the prose of some of the philosophers whom he was parodying. Later parodists have taken a more devious approach. Next week I shall describe some excellent examples.<\/p>\n

The start of Paul Jennings\u2019s essay \u201cReport on Resistentialism\u201d, as published in Oddly Enough<\/em> (1959 reissue); the cartoon, by Haro Hodson, illustrates \u201cthe famous Clark-Trimble experiments of 1935\u201d, in which pieces of toast and marmalade, graded, weighed, and measured, were dropped on to 400 pieces of carpet of varying degrees of quality; the marmalade-downwards incidence varied exactly with the quality of the carpet: \u201cthe toast fell right-side-up every time on the cheap carpet, except when the cheap carpet was screened from the rest (in which case the toast did not know that Clark-Trimble had other and better carpets), and it fell marmalade-downwards every time on the Chinese silk.\u201d According to Jennings, these observations generate the Principle of the Graduated Hostility of Things. In pharmacological terms, resistentialism is dose-related!<\/p>\n

Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong>\u00a0is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cResistentialism is a philosophy of tragic grandeur. It \u2026 derives its name from its central thesis that Things (res) resist (r\u00e9sister) men. Philosophers have become excited at various times, says […]<\/p>\n

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