{"id":37988,"date":"2016-12-16T17:17:44","date_gmt":"2016-12-16T16:17:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=37988"},"modified":"2016-12-23T12:22:02","modified_gmt":"2016-12-23T11:22:02","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-wye-speling-matturs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/12\/16\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-wye-speling-matturs\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Wye speling matturs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Drug names are difficult to remember, pronounce, and spell. For example, which of the following, if any, is the correct spelling?<\/p>\n

\u2022 amitriptylin
\n\u2022 amitryptiline
\n\u2022 amitriptylline
\n\u2022 amytriptyline
\n\u2022 amitriptiline<\/p>\n

One way to find out is to enter the name into PubMed. Here\u2019s what I got when I searched for \u201camitriptylin\u201d:<\/p>\n

\"aronson_spelling\"<\/p>\n

The search engine asked me if I meant \u201camitriptyline\u201d, which is the correct spelling.<\/p>\n

But what about those 37 hits that I got by searching for the wrong spelling \u201camitriptylin\u201d? Well, when I searched for \u201camitriptylin & amitriptyline\u201d I got the following:<\/p>\n

\"aronson_spelling2\"<\/p>\n

That gave me only 23 hits, compared with the previous 37; 14 hits were missing. And when I searched for \u201camitriptylin NOT amitriptyline\u201d, there they were:<\/p>\n

\"aronson_spelling3\"<\/p>\n

In other words, unless<\/em> you searched for the misspelling \u201camitriptylin\u201d as well as the correct spelling \u201camitriptyline\u201d, you would have missed 14 publications.<\/p>\n

In order to determine how many papers you would miss if you didn\u2019t enter misspellings when you search for drug names, Robin Ferner and I searched PubMed systematically for misspellings in 30 drug names that are often misspelled on prescription charts (which we called the test set) and 30 randomly chosen control names. The full findings<\/a> are published in The BMJ<\/em>\u2019s Xmas issue, but here is a summary:<\/p>\n

\u2022 the 30 standard names of drugs in the test set gave 325 979 hits in total, and 160 misspellings of those names gave 3872 hits that weren\u2019t picked up by the correct spellings (we called them hidden reference variants);
\n\u2022 the standard names of the control set gave 470 064 hits, and 79 misspellings of those names gave 766 hits that weren\u2019t picked up by the correct spellings;
\n\u2022 letter substitutions (particularly i to y and vice versa) and omissions (for example,\u00a0\u201camitiptyline\u201d) together accounted for 2924 (74%) of the hidden reference variants;
\n\u2022 names ending in \u201cin\u201d, \u201cine\u201d, or \u201cmicin\u201d were commonly misspelt;
\n\u2022 failing to search for misspellings of \u201cgentamicin,\u201d \u201camitriptyline,\u201d \u201cmirtazapine,\u201d and \u201ctrazodone\u201d missed at least 19 systematic reviews.<\/p>\n

So, if you are doing a systematic review that includes drug names, you\u2019d better include misspellings as well as the proper ones when you search. And you\u2019d better include misspellings of all drug names, not just those that are commonly misspelled.<\/p>\n

Sometimes spellings that were once current, but are no longer, persist. For example, searching for \u201camoxycillin NOT amoxicillin\u201d yields 1143 hits that you would otherwise have missed by searching for \u201camoxicillin\u201d alone. And variant spellings that are found in different nomenclatures can be problematic too. For example, thiomersal is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) of a compound that is called thimerosal in the US, but if you only search for the former you will miss 1572 hits.<\/p>\n

And it\u2019s not just drug names that are affected. When I searched for \u201cstaphyloccus NOT staphylococcus\u201d I found 44 hidden reference variants. And why would you otherwise think of searching for \u201cstaphyloccus\u201d? After all, there\u2019s no such orgasm.<\/p>\n

\"jeffrey_aronson\"<\/a>Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong> is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong> None declared.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Drug names are difficult to remember, pronounce, and spell. For example, which of the following, if any, is the correct spelling? \u2022 amitriptylin \u2022 amitryptiline \u2022 amitriptylline \u2022 amytriptyline \u2022 […]<\/p>\n

More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5762],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jeff-aronsons-words"],"yoast_head":"\nJeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Wye speling matturs - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/12\/16\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-wye-speling-matturs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . 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