{"id":37892,"date":"2016-11-29T18:01:39","date_gmt":"2016-11-29T17:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=37892"},"modified":"2017-03-31T15:18:05","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T14:18:05","slug":"tiago-villanueva-primary-care-in-brazils-largest-favela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/11\/29\/tiago-villanueva-primary-care-in-brazils-largest-favela\/","title":{"rendered":"Tiago Villanueva: Primary care in Brazil\u2019s largest favela"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/06\/tiago_villanueva.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-31867\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/06\/tiago_villanueva-150x110.jpg\" alt=\"tiago_villanueva\" width=\"150\" height=\"110\" \/><\/a><b><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Walking through\u00a0Rio de Janeiro\u2019s largest slum, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocinha\">Favela da Rocinha<\/a>,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0in the pouring rain is probably not the wisest thing for a foreign visitor to do. But on a recent trip to Rio, I was determined not to squander the one chance I had to visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/smsdc-clinicadafamilia-mariadosocorro.blogspot.co.uk\/\">Maria do Socorro Silva e Souza Family Health Clinic<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2014one of Rocinha\u2019s three primary care clinics that belong to Brazil\u2019s public \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sistema_%C3%9Anico_de_Sa%C3%BAde\">Unified Health System<\/a>.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0I went with a group of about 15 GPs from all over the world. The clinic provides care to about 33 000 inhabitants of Rocinha, which has an estimated population of around\u00a0100 000, and covers a very well defined area of the favela.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I had heard about the impressive developments in primary care in Rio de Janeiro over the past few years, where primary care coverage has gone from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?pid=S1413-81232016000501471&amp;script=sci_arttext&amp;tlng=en\">about 4% to about 70% within a decade<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This progress was due to scaling up training programmes in\u00a0family medicine. Those who complete the programme are considered specialists in \u201cfamily and community medicine.\u201d It is also due to the creation of \u201cfamily health teams,\u201d which include a GP, a nurse, and a number of community health agents. Each team in turn is responsible for providing care to about 3000 people living in a very well defined part of the clinic\u2019s catchment <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">area.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In total, the Maria do Socorro Silva e Souza\u00a0clinic has 11 family health teams.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I was in Brazil to attend and give some presentations on behalf of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The BMJ<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at the <a href=\"http:\/\/wonca2016.com\/ingles\/index.php\">WONCA World Conference of Family Doctors<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which takes place every two years and is a major scientific conference for primary care doctors. During WONCA there were several organised group visits to primary care clinics throughout Rio, but this visit was informal and organised by a fellow Portuguese GP who had done a two week rotation in the Rocinha clinic. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-37900\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"rocinha_1\" width=\"254\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_1-1024x576.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our day started off on the wrong foot after the taxi drivers who were meant to drive our group from the conference to the clinic instead\u00a0dropped us off outside Rocinha. Ironically, the day before, I had\u00a0chatted with a taxi driver who told me that many taxi drivers refuse to take passengers into the favelas. Even though my colleague was already waiting for the group at the clinic, no one in the group wanted to enter the favela and find the clinic on our own. Instead we agreed over the phone to meet at a designated entry point to the favela with the organiser and two of the clinic\u2019s GPs, who were our hosts throughout the afternoon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I was\u00a0told that the burden of disease is tremendous in Rocinha. Apart from the burden of non-communicable diseases, there is also a high burden of infectious diseases and of accidents (for example, falls, burns, etc). The incidence of tuberculosis is <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.folha.uol.com.br\/equilibrioesaude\/2016\/11\/1833657-na-rocinha-uma-mesma-rua-vive-diferentes-extremos-da-tuberculose.shtml?cmpid=compfb\">11 times higher in Rocinha<\/a> compared to the national incidence. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Community health agents, who are the eyes and ears of the clinic on the ground, must be residents of Rocinha and they have a versatile role. They are, for example, responsible for taking tuberculosis medication to a\u00a0patient\u2019s home and making sure they take it\u00a0(directly observed treatment). They also check on at-risk groups, such as patients with diabetes or women with high risk pregnancies. GPs are actually not meant to do home visits without being accompanied by\u00a0a community health agent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-37902 \" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_3-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"rocinha_3\" width=\"199\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_3-1024x576.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/>At the clinic the first thing I notice is the community agents working as receptionists. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/explore\/locations\/261842538\/\">facilities are modern, spacious<\/a>, and offer a portfolio of resources and services that may well humble many European counterparts. Apart from medical and nursing care, <a href=\"http:\/\/faveladarocinha.com\/1123-2\/\">the clinic offers <\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dental medicine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, psychology, psychiatry, nutrition, acupuncture, and physiotherapy services. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some GPs underwent special training so that they could offer \u201ccommunity therapy,\u201d which is a Brazilian born approach of using\u00a0group sessions to come up with solutions for problems through mutual sharing of experiences. Patients benefit from access to diagnostic and imaging tests thanks to the adjacent emergency unit (<a href=\"http:\/\/faveladarocinha.com\/1127-2\/\">\u201cUnidade de Pronto Atendimento\u201d or UPA<\/a>), a kind of community based, small emergency department that runs 24 hours a day. After triage at the UPA, patients perceived as having indication for primary care assessment may actually be referred to the clinic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I didn\u2019t get to directly ask the family medicine trainees what their experience of training at Rocinha is like and whether they\u2019re satisfied. Rocinha is a difficult and challenging environment to work in as a GP due to its mixture of deprivation,\u00a0a high\u00a0burden of disease, and the area&#8217;s rugged geography. But this also makes it an ideal training ground for primary care.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37903 \" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_pic3-1024x513.jpg\" alt=\"rocinha_pic3\" width=\"505\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_pic3-1024x513.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_pic3-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/11\/rocinha_pic3-768x385.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I left satisfied with the thought that, for once, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inverse_care_law\">inverse care law<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0does not seem to apply in this community. Empowered by\u00a0the appropriate training and widespread resources available, GPs in Rocinha seem prepared and motivated to bring medical care to those who need it the most. At a time when so many GPs in places such as the UK are disillusioned with the profession, we can surely look to Rio de Janeiro for inspiration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Tiago Villanueva<\/strong> is assistant editor, <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The BMJ<\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. He also works as a locum GP in Portugal\u2019s National Health Service. His travel expenses to Brazil were covered by <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The BMJ<\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Acknowledgements:<\/strong> Thank you to Dr Marceli and Dr Marcos for being such wonderful hosts.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Walking through\u00a0Rio de Janeiro\u2019s largest slum, Favela da Rocinha,\u00a0in the pouring rain is probably not the wisest thing for a foreign visitor to do. But on a recent trip to [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/11\/29\/tiago-villanueva-primary-care-in-brazils-largest-favela\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263,2246],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-health","category-tiago-villanueva"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tiago Villanueva: Primary care in Brazil\u2019s largest favela - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/11\/29\/tiago-villanueva-primary-care-in-brazils-largest-favela\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tiago Villanueva: Primary care in Brazil\u2019s largest favela - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Walking through\u00a0Rio de Janeiro\u2019s largest slum, Favela da Rocinha,\u00a0in the pouring rain is probably not the wisest thing for a foreign visitor to do. 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