{"id":37311,"date":"2016-08-31T11:39:04","date_gmt":"2016-08-31T10:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=37311"},"modified":"2017-08-22T16:58:01","modified_gmt":"2017-08-22T15:58:01","slug":"claire-mcdaniel-and-daniel-marchalik-drawing-a-line-in-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/08\/31\/claire-mcdaniel-and-daniel-marchalik-drawing-a-line-in-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Claire McDaniel and Daniel Marchalik: Drawing a line in research"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Doctor\u2019s Book Club<\/span><\/strong><\/a>
\nLily King\u2019s Euphoria<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The woman is perfected.
\nHer dead
\nBody wears the smile of accomplishment,
\nThe illusion of a Greek necessity
\nFlows in the scrolls of her toga
\n\u2014 Sylvia Plath \u201cEdge\u201d<\/p>\n

Set in the 1930s, Lily King\u2019s Euphoria<\/em> tells the story of the river tribes of New Guinea and the anthropologists who studied and lived among them. A quasi-fictionalized account, the story is based on the lives of famed anthropologist Margaret Mead, her second husband Reo Fortune, and her third husband Gregory Bateson, the trio of anthropologists who redefined the essence of social science research.<\/p>\n

Nell Stone, the fictional counterpart to Margaret Mead, is introduced as a broken woman on the edge, deeply affected by her experience as a scientist and as a wife in the remote and uncharted South West Pacific. Nell\u2019s experience studying the tribes of Papua New Guinea alongside her husband Fen and their friend Bankson has left her conflicted about the very nature of anthropological research. As Nell paradoxically discovers, anthropology can be the most dehumanizing of the sciences.<\/p>\n

Her trepidations begin the moment they land in Papua New Guinea, when Fen elects to divide up the subjects that he and Nell would be allowed to study within a given tribe. A firm supporter of gender roles, Fen assigns Nell the \u201csofter\u201d subjects of food and nutrition, while he takes on kinship, social structure, politics, and religion\u2014the essential topics in anthropology. To Fen, the people on the ground appear to be little more than a collection of behaviors. And by \u201csplitting up\u201d the tribes and their habits, and methodically reducing them to small packets of recordable information, Fen effectively robs them of a humanizing context. Though this tendency places Fen at odds with his wife and with Bankson, who believes that \u201ca biologist would never claim a species\u2026 to himself,\u201d the trio nevertheless appears unanimously complicit in their exploitation of the natives.<\/p>\n

Euphoria<\/em> is itself an anthropological work\u2014a study of human lust, greed, and hubris. But it is also an exploration of the early years of the then-new social science of anthropology and of the way in which these human tendencies drove the anthropologists of Mead\u2019s era to create a global movement that ultimately led to the destruction of countless cultures. For fame, money and love, Euphoria<\/em>\u2019s trio leaves the tribes of Papua New Guinea forever changed by their presence: the newly-discovered tribes are abused in the mines as slave labor and their sacred artifacts are stolen as innocent people are killed in the process. In this way, the novel offers a fresh look at an age-old question in science: where do we draw the line?<\/p>\n

Many research projects have defined those lines by crossing them, and their names now serve the foundational examples of misconduct in modern ethics courses. Experiments such as Tuskegee<\/a>, Little Albert<\/a>, Henrietta Lacks<\/a> and Milgram<\/a>, through their purposeful or accidental neglect of their subjects, have helped draft the rules of conduct in scientific research. While the work of the anthropologists in Euphoria<\/em> is lesser known, it is can play a similar part in raising the questions of personhood and exploitation in social science research.<\/p>\n

Indeed, the novel exists in an era that precedes institutional review boards, ethics panels, and questions of protections for vulnerable populations. Yet, by crossing lines that seem unimaginable to today\u2019s audience, the novel\u2019s characters force us to consider the origins of the limits of scientific research. That is: if these limits are not inherent, then they must be the products of the scientific community\u2019s continuous self-examination.<\/p>\n

It goes without saying that without research, science and medicine could never evolve. But it is also important to remember that this progress comes at a cost. Euphoria<\/em> breathes life into forgotten history, raising specters of the extent of those costs and the fates of those who paid it, reminding us of the necessity of continuously examining the ethics of the decisions we make in the name of science. Though we continue to learn from our history, it is sometimes best to draw a line before it is crossed.<\/p>\n

Next Month<\/span>: We will discuss Richard Flanagan\u2019s The Narrow Road to the Deep North<\/em><\/p>\n

Questions to consider:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 What is the role of truth in the physician-patient relationship?
\n\u2014 Flanagan writes that \u201ca happy man has no past, while an unhappy man has nothing else.\u201d What role does memory play in the practice of medicine\u2014both the individual memories of physicians, and the collective memories of institutions?
\n\u2014 What should physicians do when a patient wants to be shielded from the hopelessness of their prognosis?<\/p>\n

More articles in this series<\/a><\/p>\n

\"daniel_marchalik3\"<\/a>Daniel Marchalik<\/strong> is completing his urologic surgery residency in Washington, D.C. He writes a monthly column for <\/em>The Lancet and directs the Literature and Medicine Track<\/a> at the Georgetown University School of Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"claire_McDaniel\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Claire McDaniel<\/strong> is a second year medical student at Georgetown University School of Medicine in Washington, DC, participating in the school’s Literature and Medicine Track. Additionally, she is an MBA candidate at Georgetown University McDonough School of Business.<\/em><\/p>\n

Competing interests:<\/strong> None declared.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Doctor\u2019s Book Club Lily King\u2019s Euphoria The woman is perfected. Her dead Body wears the smile of accomplishment, The illusion of a Greek necessity Flows in the scrolls of […]<\/p>\n

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