{"id":37091,"date":"2016-07-22T15:22:39","date_gmt":"2016-07-22T14:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=37091"},"modified":"2016-07-22T15:22:39","modified_gmt":"2016-07-22T14:22:39","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-a-ban-to-abandon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/07\/22\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-a-ban-to-abandon\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . A ban to abandon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-32935\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"jeffrey_aronson\" width=\"92\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson.jpg 446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 92px) 100vw, 92px\" \/><\/a>Recently, Trish Groves <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i3556\">reported in <em>The BMJ<\/em><\/a> that some conference organisers would like to ban the use of Twitter and other social media at conferences. The main concern seems to be the transmission of pictures of speakers\u2019 slides, which may contain otherwise unpublished data. I say \u201cotherwise\u201d because many do not seem to realise that the presentation of data at a meeting is a form of publication. It may, for example, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/careers\/2001\/10\/patent-first-publish-later-how-not-ruin-your-chances-winning-patent\">prevent you from obtaining a patent<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Concerns about hyping or misrepresenting results that have not been peer reviewed were also cited, but <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.scienceopen.com\/2016\/02\/pre-or-post-publication-peer-review\/\">post-publication review<\/a> is becoming increasingly common, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.senseaboutscience.org\/pages\/peer-review.html\">peer review<\/a> has not previously prevented results from being hyped and misrepresented<!--more-->, <a href=\"https:\/\/skeptoid.com\/blog\/2013\/04\/25\/peer-review-and-the-mmr-autism-debacle\">to the detriment of public health<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Among Trish Groves\u2019s solutions were clear statements of the conference\u2019s social media policy in all online and printed materials, including guidelines for speakers; a unique hashtag (the example she chose was #EvidenceLive; see picture) to facilitate searching and sharing; asking speakers to state on their slides their consent (or dissent) and their Twitter handles; and projection of a live Twitter wall to let the audience engage with the debate. To ban the use of Twitter is in any case infeasible.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_37095\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-37095\" style=\"width: 508px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-37095 \" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/07\/aronson_banned.png\" alt=\"aronson_banned\" width=\"508\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/07\/aronson_banned.png 590w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2016\/07\/aronson_banned-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-37095\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of the #EvidenceLive hashtag, as used at the 2016 meeting in Oxford, and referring to Trish Groves\u2019s article<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cBan\u201d comes from the hypothetical IndoEuropean root BHA, to speak. In Greek it became PHA, giving \u03d5\u03ae\u00b5\u03b7 (voice, utterance, speech), \u03d5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (utterance, statement, assertion), \u03d5\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae (voice, sound), and -\u03d5\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (a speaker). Polyphemus, the many or much voiced, had perhaps a lot to say or a wide reputation, and Phemius was Odysseus\u2019s renowned minstrel. Blasphemy and euphemism are other derivatives. Phatic utterances communicate feelings rather than ideas. An apophasis is a denial. Dysphasia and paraphasia are disorders of speech, as is aphonia. Gramophones, telephones, and microphones convey sounds in their different ways, and a phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound. A symphony orchestra may produce euphony or cacophony. A choir sings an anthem, originally an antiphony. A prophet foretells.<\/p>\n<p>The Romans made BHA into FA, giving fari (to speak) and fateri (to acknowledge). An infant cannot speak. Fables, like Aesop\u2019s, tell stories, as do those who confabulate. Fabliaux were originally short metrical stories, often coarsely humorous, current in France in the 12<sup>th<\/sup> and 13<sup>th<\/sup> centuries. <em>The Canterbury Tales<\/em> are <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.fas.harvard.edu\/~chaucer\/special\/litsubs\/fabliaux\">fabliaux<\/a>, as are <em>The Ingoldsby Legends<\/em>. Novels in verse include <em>Eugene Onegin<\/em> by Alexander Pushkin, <em>The Golden Gate<\/em> by Vikram Seth, and HRF Keating\u2019s detective story <em>Jack the Lady Killer<\/em>. Stories may give you fame or infamy, tarnished by defamation, and fate is what is consequently foretold. A preface is something that is said in advance. Fado and fandango are expressive Iberian dances. One who is affable is easy to speak to. And then there is the ineffable, the unsayable, the inexpressible (Unaussprechlich), regarded by <a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wittgenstein\">Wittgenstein<\/a> as mystical, about which nothing can be said.<\/p>\n<p>In Old English, ban originally meant to proclaim or summon by proclamation. Banns proclaim a forthcoming marriage. And what was banned (i.e. proclaimed) became banal, originally obligatory and perfunctory, then commonplace or trite. Later, ban meant to use maledictory language or simply to curse. Typically this meant religious anathema, and eventually ban came to mean to prohibit, influenced perhaps by banish, to outlaw by proclamation, as you might do bandits or runners of contraband. So now, instead of a word that means to speak or publish, we have a word that means to prevent from doing so.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i3556\/rapid-responses\">rapid responses<\/a> to Trish Groves\u2019s article were all against banning the use of Twitter at meetings. As <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i3556\/rr-1\">Stephen J Chapman<\/a> elegantly put it: \u201cA ban on live tweeting at conferences is a policy on the wrong side of history.\u201d Twitter itself may not last, but even if it folds we will not see the end of social media, and neither they nor their use can be banned effectively. Their power to change history has been demonstrated in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/social-media-arab-spring\">other areas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you don&#8217;t want your data to be photographed and spread around the world, don&#8217;t show them. If I show data I\u2019m delighted to have them given greater exposure, even though the chances of <a href=\"http:\/\/webtrends.about.com\/od\/howtoguides\/a\/Viral-Online.htm\">going viral<\/a> are slim. And how, for example, without social media, would I effectively advertise the publication of this blog\u2014#WhenIUseaWord?<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong> is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford&#8217;s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recently, Trish Groves reported in The BMJ that some conference organisers would like to ban the use of Twitter and other social media at conferences. The main concern seems to [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/07\/22\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-a-ban-to-abandon\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5762],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jeff-aronsons-words"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . 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