{"id":35899,"date":"2016-01-01T14:51:34","date_gmt":"2016-01-01T13:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=35899"},"modified":"2016-01-01T14:51:34","modified_gmt":"2016-01-01T13:51:34","slug":"jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-medical-anniversaries-in-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/01\/01\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-medical-anniversaries-in-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Medical anniversaries in 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A happy New Year to both my readers. And what a cornucopia of anniversaries we can celebrate this year. Take your pick. The topics are diverse (see also the pictures below):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>anatomy (Mondino de Luzzi);<\/li>\n<li>physiology (Realdo Colombo, William Harvey, and Caleb Parry);<\/li>\n<li>pharmacology (glossopetrae, penicillin, and post-coital contraception);<\/li>\n<li>genetics (Fortunio Liceti, Gregor Mendel, and John Langdon Down);<\/li>\n<li>neurology (Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and Rett syndrome);<\/li>\n<li>psychology\/psychiatry (Julius Ludwig August Koch, Eugen Bleuler, Lewis Terman);<\/li>\n<li>ophthalmology (macular pigment);<\/li>\n<li>tropical diseases (Patrick Manson);<\/li>\n<li>surgery (joint replacement and radical mastectomy);<\/li>\n<li>inventions (the stethoscope, the clinical thermometer, hypnotism);<\/li>\n<li>first editions of well known textbooks (<em>The Parmacological Basis of Therapeutics<\/em> and <em>Mendelian Inheritance in Man<\/em>);<\/li>\n<li>new institutions (the St Mary&#8217;s Dispensary for Women and Children, London, The Royal Prussian Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, the first birth control clinic in the USA, and Addenbrooke&#8217;s Hospital, Cambridge).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>For me, the word that cries out for explanation from among all these topics is \u201cstethoscope\u201d, which Ren\u00e9 Laennec invented in 1816. He described his invention to l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences in 1818 and in a book, <em>De l\u2019auscultation m\u00e9diate<\/em>, in 1819:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Je fus consult\u00e9, en 1816, pour une jeune personne qui pr\u00e9sentait des sympt\u00f4mes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de maladie du c\u0153ur, et chez laquelle l&#8217;application de la main et la percussion donnaient peu de r\u00e9sultat \u00e0 raison de l&#8217;embonpoint. L&#8217;\u00e2ge et le sexe de la malade m&#8217;inlerdisant l&#8217;esp\u00e8ce d&#8217;examen dont je viens de parler, je vins \u00e0 me rappeler un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d&#8217;acoustique fort connu: si l&#8217;on applique l&#8217;oreille \u00e0 l&#8217;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 d&#8217;une poutre, on entend tr\u00e8s-distinctement un coup d&#8217;\u00e9pingle donn\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;autre bout. J&#8217;imaginai que l&#8217;on pouvait peut-\u00eatre tirer parti, dans le cas dont il s&#8217;agissait, de cette propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des corps. Je pris un cahier de papier, j&#8217;en formai un rouleau fortement serr\u00e9 dont j&#8217;appliquai une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9gion pr\u00e9cordiale, et posant l&#8217;oreille \u00e0 l&#8217;autre bout, je fus aussi surpris que satisfait d&#8217;entendre les baltemens du coeur d&#8217;une mani\u00e8re beaucoup plus nette et plus distincte que je ne l&#8217;avais jamais fait par l&#8217;application imm\u00e9diate de l&#8217;oreille.* (See footnote for translation)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Laennec found that a wooden cylinder gave the best results, and he described the various sounds one could hear, calling them r\u00e2les l\u00e9gers, r\u00e2les muqueux, r\u00e2les cr\u00e9pitants, sifflement, pectoriloquie, and \u00e9gophonie; a pleural rub he described as \u201cun r\u00e2le fort et sonore\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Laennec also invented the word \u201ccirrhosis\u201d, from the Greek \u03ba\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u1f79\u03c2, orange-tawny, because he saw yellowish granules in the liver, which turned out to be bile-stained acini.<\/p>\n<p>But why did he call his invention \u201cun st\u00e9thoscope\u201d? It comes from two Greek words. First, \u03c3\u03c4\u1fc6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, the anterior chest, the front part of the \u03b8\u1f7d\u03c1\u03b1\u03be, specifically as the seat of the heart, the voice, and the breath; Laennec\u2019s choice of this particular word suggests that he was very familiar with Greek. As to the second part of the word, he might have chosen \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, to make a sound, or some word meaning to listen or hear, such as \u1f04\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd or \u03ba\u03bb\u1f7b\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd. Instead he chose \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, which means to look at, contemplate, or inspect [visually]. But \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd can also mean to look after or protect, to consider, or to examine other than visually, for example, to examine one\u2019s own affairs or the laws of a place. And \u1f04\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03bb\u1f7b\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, and \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd can all mean to obey. The earliest of about 200 words in the<em> OED<\/em> ending in \u2013phone is kaleidophone (1827), whereas of 300 words ending in \u2013scope, about 40 date from before the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, the earliest being horoscope (1050). In 1816, therefore, \u201cstethoscope\u201d was the natural choice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Twenty eight medical anniversaries in 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35901\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear1.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear1\" width=\"150\" height=\"246\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1316<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Mondino de Luzzi,<em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24585828\">Anatomia Corporis Humani<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35902\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear2.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear2\" width=\"152\" height=\"178\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1516<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9189244\">Realdo Colombo<\/a>, Italian anatomist, born (died 1559)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35903\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear3.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear3\" width=\"149\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1616<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17404345\">William Harvey, Lumleian Lecture<\/a> on the circulation of the blood<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35904\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear4.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear4\" width=\"143\" height=\"199\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1616<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11177787\">Fortunio Liceti, <em>De Monstrorum Natura<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35905\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear5.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear5\" width=\"147\" height=\"216\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1616<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11640389\">Fabio Colonna, \u201cDe glossopetris dissertatio\u201d<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9333999\">fossil teeth used therapeutically<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35906\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear6.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear6\" width=\"167\" height=\"133\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1766<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13431443\">Addenbrooke&#8217;s Hospital<\/a>, Cambridge, completed<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-35908 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear7.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear7\" width=\"155\" height=\"213\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1816<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19699365\">Ren\u00e9 Laennec<\/a> invents the stethoscope<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35909\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear8.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear8]\" width=\"151\" height=\"187\" \/><\/a>#<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1816<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16244710\">Caleb Parry<\/a><em>, An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature, Cause and Varieties of the Arterial Pulse<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35910 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear9.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear9\" width=\"151\" height=\"196\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1841<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/unsworks.unsw.edu.au\/fapi\/datastream\/unsworks:11299\/SOURCE01?view=true\">James Braid<\/a> attends a public demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, and invents hypnotism<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35911 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear10.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear10\" width=\"155\" height=\"195\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1866<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14602707\">Gregor Mendel<\/a>, <em>Versuche \u00fcber Pflanzen-Hybriden<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35912\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear11.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear11\" width=\"155\" height=\"193\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1866<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3554735\">Max Schultze<\/a> describes the function of macular pigment<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35913\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear12.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear12\" width=\"155\" height=\"222\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1866<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">John Langdon Down, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7707939\">Observations on an Ethnic Classification of Idiots<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear13.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35914\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear13.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear13\" width=\"155\" height=\"186\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1866<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19244709\">Thomas Clifford Allbutt<\/a> invents the clinical thermometer<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear14.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35915\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear14.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear14\" width=\"155\" height=\"191\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1866<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/5330927\">Elizabeth Garrett Anderson<\/a> opens the St Mary&#8217;s Dispensary for Women and Children in London, later the New Hospital for Women and Children<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear15.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35916\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear15.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear15\" width=\"155\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1866<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3630944\">Patrick Manson<\/a>, starts work in China<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear16.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35917\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear16.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear16\" width=\"155\" height=\"205\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1891<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3094606\">Themistocles Gluck<\/a>, first joint replacements, using ivory<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear17.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35918\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear17.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear17\" width=\"155\" height=\"211\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1891<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3322\/canjclin.23.2.96\/epdf\">William Halstead<\/a>, radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear18.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35919\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear18.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear18\" width=\"155\" height=\"174\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1891<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19127839\">Julius Ludwig August Koch<\/a>, <em>Die psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten<\/em>, introduces the concept of psychopathology<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear19.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35920\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear19.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear19\" width=\"155\" height=\"115\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1891<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11258101\">Robert Koch, The Royal Prussian Institute for Infectious Diseases<\/a>, Berlin<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear20.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35921\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear20.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear20\" width=\"155\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Eugen Bleuler, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books?id=N30dBgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear21.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35922\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear21.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear21\" width=\"155\" height=\"178\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6992603\">Margaret Sanger<\/a> opens the first birth control clinic in the USA and publishes <em>What Every Girl Should Know<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear22.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35923\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear22.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear22\" width=\"139\" height=\"152\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear23.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35924\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear23.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear23\" width=\"141\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear23.png 155w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear23-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 141px) 100vw, 141px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear24.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35925\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear24.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear24\" width=\"126\" height=\"139\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Georges Guillain, Jean Alexandre Barr\u00e9 and Andr\u00e9 Strohl (from left to right) describe a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15220044\">syndrome<\/a> of the peripheral nervous system<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear25.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35926\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear25.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear25\" width=\"155\" height=\"193\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Lewis Madison Terman, <em>The measurement of intelligence<\/em>, describing the Stanford Revision of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11992219\">Binet-Simon Scale<\/a> (IQ testing)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear26.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35927\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear26.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear26\" width=\"198\" height=\"129\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1941<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">First clinical use of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1541305\">penicillin<\/a> in the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear27.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35928\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear27.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear27\" width=\"155\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear27.png 155w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear27-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear28.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35929\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear28.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear28\" width=\"150\" height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1941<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Louis S Goodman (left) &amp; Alfred Gilman, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23739803\">The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics<\/a><\/em><em>, <\/em>1<sup>st<\/sup> edition<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear29.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35930\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear29.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear29\" width=\"156\" height=\"201\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear30.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35931\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear30.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear30\" width=\"154\" height=\"201\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1966<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">John McLean Morris and Gertrude Van Wagenen describe <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12255249\">post-coital contraception<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear31.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35932\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear31.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear31\" width=\"151\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1966<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Victor A McKusick, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18842627\">Mendelian Inheritance in Man<\/a><\/em>, 1<sup>st<\/sup> edition<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear32.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-35933\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/12\/aronson_newyear32.png\" alt=\"aronson_newyear32\" width=\"155\" height=\"214\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1966<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4061757\">Andreas Rett<\/a> describes Rett syndrome<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>*\u201cIn 1816 I was consulted by a young woman with general symptoms of heart disease, in whom palpation and percussion were of little use because of her obesity. Her age and sex prohibited me from using the method of examination that I have just described [i.e. direct auscultation], but I remembered a well known acoustic phenomenon: if one puts one\u2019s ear to the end of a beam, one can distinctly hear a pin scratching at the other end. I thought that this physical property could be useful in a case such as this. I took a notebook, rolled it up tightly into a cylinder, applied one end of it to the precordium, and put my ear to the other end. I was as surprised as I was gratified to hear the heart beats much more clearly and distinctly than I had ever done by direct auscultation.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-32935\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"jeffrey_aronson\" width=\"123\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/12\/jeffrey_aronson.jpg 446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 123px) 100vw, 123px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Jeffrey Aronson<\/strong> is a clinical pharmacologist, working in the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford&#8217;s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is also president emeritus of the British Pharmacological Society.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong>\u00a0None declared.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A happy New Year to both my readers. And what a cornucopia of anniversaries we can celebrate this year. Take your pick. The topics are diverse (see also the pictures [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2016\/01\/01\/jeffrey-aronson-when-i-use-a-word-medical-anniversaries-in-2016\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5762],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jeff-aronsons-words"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . 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