{"id":34740,"date":"2015-07-17T11:05:42","date_gmt":"2015-07-17T10:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=34740"},"modified":"2015-08-11T08:44:06","modified_gmt":"2015-08-11T07:44:06","slug":"neville-goodman-more-misunderstood-science-some-usefully","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2015\/07\/17\/neville-goodman-more-misunderstood-science-some-usefully\/","title":{"rendered":"Neville Goodman&#8217;s metaphor watch: More misunderstood science, some usefully"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/02\/neville_goodman.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-33270\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2015\/02\/neville_goodman-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"neville_goodman\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>Staying with astrophysics (qv), let\u2019s think about <em>dark matter<\/em> and <em>light years<\/em>. As the Wikipedia entry states, \u201cDark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with telescopes but would account for most of the matter in the universe.\u201d The subtitle of an article in <em>Science<\/em> in 1984 was, \u201cIt fills the universe, it is utterly invisible, and it may not even exist; meanwhile, the hypotheses are getting more exotic.\u201d When things get extremely large or extremely small, the human mind sort of reels a bit. I suspect those are not hypotheses, because hypotheses are testable; these are speculations, if not wild guesses. The last section of Wikipedia\u2019s entry is about dark matter in fiction when, \u201cit is usually attributed extraordinary physical or magical properties. Such descriptions are often inconsistent with the properties of dark matter proposed in physics and cosmology.\u201d But as, so far, we don\u2019t really know what those properties are, it might as well be fiction.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>Dark matter<\/em> in medicine implies ignorance on a grand scale. It works in some circumstances better than others, and is a much better metaphor than <em>black hole<\/em> (qv). It is a common metaphor in genetics and the developmental sciences, applied to apparently non-coding nucleic acids, although that is not really analogous: we know the DNA or RNA is there, we just don\u2019t know what it does. Similarly, there are \u201cdark neurons\u201d in the brain which are thought to fire off to very specific stimuli, but for which there cannot yet be direct evidence. <em>Dark matter<\/em> applies less well to the unknowns of social interaction, because here we are far too far away from any physical understanding. And trying to apply it to unexplained triggers for cancer as \u201cdietary dark matter\u201d is ill-considered.<\/p>\n<p>There is an intriguing abstract in PubMed attributing the development of homochirality (that many biological molecules have a handedness) to cold dark matter and dark energy. Proof would be helpful: the failure of science to explain homochirality is taken by some to be evidence for the supreme creator.<\/p>\n<p>A <em>light year<\/em> is a measure of distance. Policy cannot be light years behind technology, nor can someone be light years ahead of their time, and\u2014unless currently on a galaxy far, far away\u2014nor can a proper measurement of surgical outcome be light years away. Informally, we may say something is a long way off, otherwise a different metaphor is needed for a very long time. If not a metaphor, why not take a word appropriated by geology\u2014<em>aeons<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p>Another geological term is <em>epicentre<\/em>, which is the point on the Earth\u2019s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. As such, it shouldn\u2019t be used merely to replace the word <em>focus<\/em>, or <em>centre<\/em>. But epicentre has long been used to mean somewhere, or even something, of central importance: the epicentre of British medical politics (which could be the BMA or Tavistock Square), the epicentre of the Ebola epidemic (which may be different from its origin), or the epicentre of East-West confrontation.<\/p>\n<p>While looking for metaphorical light years, I found an article titled, \u201cScaled-up darkness. Could a single dark matter particle be light-years wide?\u201d You wouldn\u2019t want to bump into one of those after a hard night on call.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Competing interests:<\/strong> I have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and declare that my only competing interest is my co-authorship of a book about medical English.<br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>Neville Goodman<\/strong> is a retired consultant anaesthetist and a writer, and co-author of a book on medical English.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Staying with astrophysics (qv), let\u2019s think about dark matter and light years. As the Wikipedia entry states, \u201cDark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2015\/07\/17\/neville-goodman-more-misunderstood-science-some-usefully\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5763],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-metaphor-watch"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neville Goodman&#039;s metaphor watch: More misunderstood science, some usefully - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2015\/07\/17\/neville-goodman-more-misunderstood-science-some-usefully\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neville Goodman&#039;s metaphor watch: More misunderstood science, some usefully - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Staying with astrophysics (qv), let\u2019s think about dark matter and light years. 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