{"id":32784,"date":"2014-11-21T13:41:55","date_gmt":"2014-11-21T12:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=32784"},"modified":"2014-11-24T17:19:44","modified_gmt":"2014-11-24T16:19:44","slug":"will-stahl-timmins-data-visualisation-is-beautiful","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2014\/11\/21\/will-stahl-timmins-data-visualisation-is-beautiful\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Stahl-Timmins: Data visualisation is beautiful"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"will_Stahl-Timmins\"<\/a>David McCandless\u2019s talk at the Royal Statistical Society<\/strong><\/p>\n

David McCandless is perhaps the best \u00adknown information graphic designer of our time. He exploded onto the design stage a few years ago with the coffee\u00ad table book Information is Beautiful<\/em>, based on the corresponding blog website<\/a> of the same name. The website now also hosts the Information is Beautiful Awards<\/a>, which has just announced its third set of winners<\/a>.\u00a0He has recently released a second book, Knowledge is Beautiful<\/em>, and has been giving a number of talks to showcase the new work contained within this colourful tome.<\/p>\n

As The BMJ\u2019s<\/em> resident data graphics designer, I dutifully booked myself a seat at his talk at the Royal Statistical Society to see what health\u00ad related graphics he might be presenting.<\/p>\n

McCandless started on familiar ground for me, with some graphics from his older book.<\/p>\n

Mountains out of molehills<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"1276_mountains_molehills_aug2014-11\"<\/a>
\nBut he did revisit some with updated data. I have a fond memory of seeing him describe his Mountains out of molehills<\/a> graphic, which shows Google trends data connected to various different media scares.<\/p>\n

When I first\u00a0saw it, I dismissed it as “only” a line graph with a slightly odd baseline shift. But seeing him explain the patterns revealed to me his main talent: selecting data that tells a story. There are patterns in this data that this simple visualisation picks out nicely. The repeating \u201ckiller wasps\u201d peaks every summer. The short \u00adterm but large impacts of the different infectious disease scares.<\/p>\n

One pattern that he brought our attention to\u00a0was the red spikes for “violent video games” that have a bi\u00adannual peak. His theory about those is that one is in November, as Christmas video games go on sale. He suggests that the second peak, in April, could be linked to the anniversary of the 1999 Columbine High School<\/a> shootings. He feels these have been linked (rather unfairly) in the media to violent video games.<\/p>\n

It was extremely interesting to see that he had updated the graphic since I last saw it, and added in the huge spike for Ebola. It goes far off the top of this graph. It seems that the potential for viral messages to reach a wide audience has increased exponentially through the 21st century (probably far beyond the viruses themselves…)<\/p>\n

Having said that, it should be noted that another graphic that he presented suggests that infectious diseases were in fact one of the biggest killers of the 20th century, so perhaps our fears are based on historical experience after all.<\/p>\n

20th century death<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"1276_20th_Century_Death\"<\/a><\/p>\n


\n<\/a>I particularly like the way that this graphic<\/a> splits each major cause of death into sub\u00adcategories (and in some cases, sub\u00adsub\u00adcategories). While circle area is sometimes dismissed as \u201ctoo hard to judge\u201d for use in infographics, I think it\u2019s justified in this case. It allows you to compare quantities in different directions. If all these data points were presented as bars, they would be too far apart to compare easily.<\/p>\n

As well as showcasing these graphics, the talk also included a theoretical section. One of the underpinning themes of his talk was the distinction between data, information, and \u00a0knowledge. I do get the sense that his focus has shifted in the last few years from information for its own sake into the provision of understanding. I completely agree with him that information visualisation can be a great way of drawing comparisons, finding and showing patterns, and generally making information more \u201cavailable\u201d than long texts.<\/p>\n

His new book starts with a model of information graphic design (visualised, naturally). The six\u00ad part model starts with \u201cdata,\u201d and moves through \u201cstructured data,\u201d \u201cinformation,\u201d \u201clinked information,\u201d and \u201cknowledge,\u201d finishing with \u201cinter\u00adconnected knowledge.\u201d<\/p>\n

Under these headings, he has provided a description of the underlying processes. So, under \u201cdata\u201d it lists \u201cmine, gather, measure,\u201d and under \u201cknowledge\u201d it lists \u201cevaluate, understand, explain\u201d. This reminds me strongly of another design guru Ben Fry\u2019s model of interactive visualisation (Aquire > Parse > Filter > Mine > Represent >Refine > Interact ).<\/p>\n

Fry is known for his involvement in designing the processing language for interactive visualisation (which I use for all of The BMJ’s<\/em> interactive graphics). It is interesting to see McCandless\u2019s design process laid bare in this way, and I think it reveals why the graphics on his website are more and more appearing in interactive form.<\/p>\n

For example, the Snake Oil graphic he presented benefits greatly from filtering the complex data set.<\/p>\n

Snake oil<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"1276_snake_oil_supplements_Apr14\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

McCandless has been accused in the past of trivialising the noble art of information visualisation. It is a certainly a criticism faced by many people working in the area\u00a0of data graphics, and perhaps graphic design more widely. It is fuelled, to some extent, by the inexorable rise of the \u201cbad tower graphic” in which some poor designer is given a few hours to illustrate a few numbers, and comes up with a long, thin graphic with very little useful data visualisation. Good information graphics (particularly interactives) take time, and an unusual combination of visual \/ statistical \/coding skills. The sheer volume of these pieces does show how widely information visualisation has captured the public imagination, however.<\/p>\n

Some of his graphics do tend towards the trivial, such as the Best in Show graphic, which compares dog breeds based on public popularity and a \u201cdog breed data score,\u201d combining \u201cintelligence,\u201d \u201clongevity,\u201d \u201cailments,\u201d etc. However, this is part of the genius of his graphics. They are designed to be shared, and pick up on the things that matter to people. Whether they are light\u00adhearted or deadly serious, they can be relied upon to give an engaging, and visually appealing \u201cnugget\u201d of information. In my opinion, he carefully treads the line between trivial and insightful, and more often than not these days, I find him firmly on the right side of that line.<\/p>\n

For example, my favourite piece of his so far was a collaboration with Wired<\/em> <\/a>magazine, in which he reimagines diagnostic test results in a way that a patient could read much more easily:<\/p>\n

Blood tests<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"wired_bloodwork_940\"<\/a><\/p>\n

I\u2019m aware that the project<\/a> has drawn criticism for potentially worrying patients, since a test at a single time point isn\u2019t necessarily 100% accurate. However, I can\u2019t help feeling that the alternative giving them a sheet of incomprehensible numbers that requires expert judgment to decipher is likely to be more worrying. Perhaps we need to start putting some of this kind of visualisation to the test in practice before we dismiss it, particularly if we want people to take more responsibility for managing their own health.<\/p>\n

All of The BMJ’s<\/em> interactive data visualisations are freely available at thebmj.com\/infographics<\/a><\/p>\n

Will Stahl-\u00adTimmins<\/strong> is interactive data visualisation designer,<\/em> The BMJ.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Competing interests: None declared.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

David McCandless\u2019s talk at the Royal Statistical Society David McCandless is perhaps the best \u00adknown information graphic designer of our time. He exploded onto the design stage a few years […]<\/p>\n

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