{"id":32073,"date":"2014-07-31T16:08:09","date_gmt":"2014-07-31T15:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=32073"},"modified":"2014-07-31T16:40:35","modified_gmt":"2014-07-31T15:40:35","slug":"jane-feinmann-a-way-forward-for-quality-peer-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2014\/07\/31\/jane-feinmann-a-way-forward-for-quality-peer-review\/","title":{"rendered":"Jane Feinmann: A way forward for quality peer review"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/05\/jane_feinmann.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-31668\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/files\/2014\/05\/jane_feinmann.jpg\" alt=\"jane_feinmann\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" \/><\/a>Blind faith that the publication of medical research in peer reviewed journals elevates a study to the status of &#8220;the evidence,&#8221; and therefore &#8220;the truth,&#8221; may be on the wane among those in the know. But for the public, and a vast number\u00a0of doctors, this &#8220;na\u00efve and misplaced&#8221; credulousness persists.<\/p>\n<p>According to\u00a0Dr Jigisha Patel, medical editor of BioMed Central,\u00a0this idea\u00a0must be challenged. Writing in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1741-7015\/12\/128\">an opinion piece published this week<\/a>\u00a0in the open access journal\u00a0<em>BMC Medicine<\/em>, Patel calls for innovation in medical publishing that addresses the quality of peer review,\u00a0rather than simply the process. To this end, Patel proposes mandatory training for peer reviewers, with a &#8220;kitemark&#8221; identifying research papers that have been peer reviewed by people with the necessary skills.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>What is in effect the launch of a new initiative, which parallels the demand for greater transparency in clinical trials, has been commended by\u00a0Professor Doug Altman, director of the Centre for Statistics in Medicine at Oxford University. In <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/imedia\/1629344906133156_comment.pdf\">his open peer review, published alongside the online paper<\/a>, Professor Altman says the issues raised &#8220;are of major importance to the integrity and value of the medical research literature.&#8221; The problems identified by Patel are well known, although &#8220;not amenable to easy resolution,&#8221; he says.<\/p>\n<p>According to Patel, these problems can be summed up as: &#8220;the aims of peer review are poorly defined, with no evidence that it works, and no established way to provide training.&#8221; There is evidence, she says that &#8220;reviewers fail to detect deliberately introduced errors and do not detect deficiencies in reporting methods, sometimes even suggesting inappropriate revisions.&#8221; Yet current initiatives focus on the need to reduce delays for authors and the burden for reviewers, while ignoring the fundamental weaknesses of a system on which evidence based medicine relies.<\/p>\n<p>What&#8217;s more, adds Altman, &#8220;editors generally explain inadequately to reviewers what they are expecting them to do [so that] . . . peer review is quite poor on some of the major issues.&#8221; Indeed, as a peer reviewer, he chides Patel for understating the scale of the problem.\u00a0In an early draft, she quotes only one study as evidence of peer review&#8217;s all too frequent poor quality. Yet Altman points out: &#8220;In fact, we know from dozens of reviews of peer reviewed publications that many published articles contain methodological errors and also that reporting is poor . . . [to the point that] key information is frequently not provided.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>So what\u2019s the way forward? Patel points to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/\">CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)<\/a>, updated in 2010, as providing a model for establishing a single, universal framework, which should be taken on board by any journal publishing randomised controlled trials.<\/p>\n<p>But peer reviewers need more than CONSORT, Professor Altman told <em>The BMJ<\/em>. &#8220;This is a guideline for reporting what was done, but [it] does not give guidance on how to judge whether what was done was sensible. And we can see very clear reporting of very bad, biased methods,&#8221; he explains. Which leads us back to Patel&#8217;s essential point:\u00a0reviewers need to learn &#8220;to spot fundamental flaws,&#8221;\u00a0and be tested on this skill on a regular basis.<\/p>\n<p>A wide number of bodies\u2014including medical schools, regulatory and accreditation organisations, funding bodies, publishers, journal editors, and lay people\u2014would need to be involved, although &#8220;initially a positive response from journal editors could get the process going,&#8221; she told <em>The BMJ.<\/em> The endpoint would be peer reviewed papers with \u2018\u2018a searchable quality assurance symbol . . . so that readers [including lay people] know whether a study was reviewed by at least one appropriately trained and accredited expert.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Professor Altman wonders whether, on its own, such a scheme &#8220;would have much impact,&#8221; as well as whether the suggested quality assurance scheme is practical. &#8220;Partly this is because there is no truth about what is a reliable paper, or indeed what is a high quality review.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But he does see value in further discussion of the evidence that peer reviewers &#8220;miss a lot&#8221; and are &#8220;generally rather poor at detecting errors and omissions.&#8221; And he is in favour of postgraduate mandatory training for peer reviewers, which he suggests could be provided by research organisations. &#8220;All parties need to take steps,&#8221; he says. &#8220;We should try to make progress and this paper offers one way forward.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Jane Feinmann<\/strong>\u00a0is a freelance medical journalist and copywriter based in London. She writes about patient safety issues including pharmacovigilance, mental health, ageing, and women&#8217;s issues.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Competing interests: The author has no competing interests to declare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blind faith that the publication of medical research in peer reviewed journals elevates a study to the status of &#8220;the evidence,&#8221; and therefore &#8220;the truth,&#8221; may be on the wane [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2014\/07\/31\/jane-feinmann-a-way-forward-for-quality-peer-review\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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