{"id":19314,"date":"2012-08-06T13:51:15","date_gmt":"2012-08-06T12:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=19314"},"modified":"2012-08-06T13:51:16","modified_gmt":"2012-08-06T12:51:16","slug":"k-m-venkat-narayan-ten-barriers-to-trans-disciplinary-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2012\/08\/06\/k-m-venkat-narayan-ten-barriers-to-trans-disciplinary-science\/","title":{"rendered":"K M Venkat Narayan: Ten barriers to trans-disciplinary science"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>On\u00a0August 2 I attended a stimulating and idealistic meeting on Trans-disciplinary Science for Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) and Global Health<\/a> that was jointly organized by the Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network (YP-CDN). and the US Institute of Medicine (IOM).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

A large part of the motivation behind the meeting was a paper published in Global Heart<\/a> in the lead-up the UN High Level Summit on NCD in September last year. The YP-CDN\/IOM meeting was hosted by Emory University in Atlanta, and participants from several Universities, NGOs, and IOM attended.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Meetings such as the one organised by YP-CDN\/IOM often provoke ideas that can leave one wondering and reflecting in the sub-conscious.\u00a0 This process has churned in my head for the past few days, and I think there are ten barriers to “trans-disciplinary” science:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Discipline:\u00a0 When I think of “trans-disciplinary,” I inevitably come to the feeling that the real barrier is in the “disciplines.” Every discipline has its own sets of rules, its own nomenclatures, some absolute positions, some established boundaries & institutions \u2013 all of which impose protectionist barriers to collaboration across disciplines.\u00a0 It makes me wonder whether a “revolution” to change that may need to reframe “trans-disciplinary science” as “trans-indisciplinary science?!”\u00a0 (I am being tongue-in-cheek, but you get the point)<\/p>\n

2. Definition:\u00a0 It can be a struggle to define what exactly is meant by “trans-disciplinary” or for that matter how it is different from “inter-disciplinary” or “multi-disciplinary”\u00a0\u00a0 Is “trans-disciplinary” simply another politically correct fad or jargon?\u00a0 Is it a subject? Is it a methodology?\u00a0 Is it simply a new way of thinking? We need to define or describe trans-disciplinary better.<\/p>\n

3. Identity:\u00a0 Humans have a strong need for identity for their feeling of security and this is true even when it comes to professions. Often people want to identify themselves\u00a0with a singular discipline \u2013 sociologist, physicist, chemist, geneticist etc.\u00a0 Even those who work in more than one discipline often struggle to identify dominantly with a single one.\u00a0 Transition to a plural identity that can embrace several disciplines may be needed for trans-disciplinary science.<\/p>\n

4. Totalitarian ideologies:\u00a0\u00a0 Many conceptualize trans-disciplinary as the alternative to discipline silos, and often people wanting to promote trans-disciplinary science tend to view \u201csilo-science\u201d as undesirable, and similarly specialists in a discipline or in a subject area tend to view trans-disciplinary scientists condescendingly as dabblers.\u00a0 Yet there ought to be space for each: we need the silos for specialised work, and we need the trans-disciplinary approach for cross-cutting themes. It is all a matter of context, and unless we can appreciate context and apply the approach accordingly, we can create totalitarian ideologies.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 Funders:\u00a0 Most funding agencies or foundations tend to identify with subjects or disciplines (for example, National Institutes of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases; National Eye Institute; American Heart Association; American Chemical Society).\u00a0 Few funders exist who would support trans-disciplinary work that may cut across subjects or disciplines.\u00a0<\/p>\n

6. Mentors:\u00a0 Traditional mentors tend to associate with specific disciplines or subject areas, and often encourage mentees to follow the safe path of sticking to single disciplines or to \u201ckeep focus\u201d.\u00a0 Mentors may also find it challenging to cut across disciplines or to make necessary compromises to the rigours of their discipline to accommodate trans-disciplinary work. While structured approaches to mentoring has its place, trans-disciplinary science needs permeable borders across disciplines, and this needs mentors who can appreciate other disciplines than their own, and can encourage their mentees to discover the excitement that may reside in the connections between disciplines.<\/p>\n

7. Reviewers:\u00a0\u00a0 Review committees for grants are often filled with people committed to the narrow rigours of their own areas of specialisation, and the scoring process can be restrictive to accommodate trans-disciplinary work.\u00a0 For example, while specific hypotheses or detailed preliminary work may be appropriate for single discipline explorations, trans-disciplinary work may often need agnostic approaches and innovative unconventional methods and adventurous post-hoc examination of data to make discoveries.\u00a0<\/p>\n

8. Careers:\u00a0 Rewards and careers often tend to follow disciplines: professor of physics, professor of molecular medicine, epidemiologists, chemists, Nobel Prize in Mathematics, Nobel Prize in Medicine, etc.\u00a0 Even academic tenure systems and career progress in industry tend to measure success in single disciplinary or specialist terms. These situations seldom accommodate trans-disciplinary science.\u00a0 Changes to existing career structures and rewards or new opportunities and careers should be created to promote trans-disciplinary science.<\/p>\n

9.\u00a0 Institutional structures:\u00a0\u00a0 Structures in institutions generally follow disciplinary or subject area focus. For example, Department of Nutrition, Department of Anatomy, Department of Demography, etc.\u00a0 These promote critical mass of professionals within single subject or discipline areas, but are not easily amenable to trans-disciplinary work.\u00a0 Promotion of trans-disciplinary science may need new ways of structuring institutions, new types of incentives, and new models of communication and leadership.<\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 Lack of sex appeal:\u00a0\u00a0 Single disciplines and subject areas have “branding” power and marketing power.\u00a0 This tends to draw young minds into them.\u00a0 Trans-disciplinary science may not yet have that power and appeal.\u00a0 Think of ways to enhance the “sex appeal” of trans-disciplinary science is something that will be needed.<\/p>\n

Clearly, many of the health challenges of the 21st century will need collaboration that can cut across disciplines and subjects as diverse as biology & sociology, physics & medicine, nutrition & economics, climate change & chronic diseases, politics & agriculture, technology & philosophy, public health & marketing .\u00a0 This will require a new way of thinking, a new way of conceptualizing, a new culture and a new way of connecting science to context.\u00a0 The opportunities for trans-disciplinary science are exciting, but some daunting challenges remain before these opportunities can be realised.<\/p>\n

K.M. Venkat Narayan<\/strong> is Ruth and O.C. Hubert Professor of Global Health and Professor of Epidemiology and Medicine at Emory University Atlanta. He is a product of three continents, having lived and worked in India, the United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States of America.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On\u00a0August 2 I attended a stimulating and idealistic meeting on Trans-disciplinary Science for Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) and Global Health that was jointly organized by the Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network […]<\/p>\n

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