{"id":18466,"date":"2012-07-09T10:11:21","date_gmt":"2012-07-09T09:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/?p=18466"},"modified":"2012-07-09T10:11:21","modified_gmt":"2012-07-09T09:11:21","slug":"richard-lehmans-journal-review-9-july-2012","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2012\/07\/09\/richard-lehmans-journal-review-9-july-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"Richard Lehman&#8217;s journal review &#8211; 9 July 2012"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/site\/blog\/icons\/richard_lehman.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Lehman\" width=\"160\" height=\"108\" align=\"left\" \/><strong>Arch Intern Med\u00a0 25 June 2012\u00a0 Vol 172<\/strong><br \/>\n909\u00a0\u00a0 The Archives are about to mutate into JAMA Internal Medicine, but I generally find them a better read than JAMA proper. One reason is the abundance of lively comment\u2014and in the case of <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1195535\">this paper on sex differences in the protective effect of statins<\/a>, I find the comment more believable than the paper. This is a meta-analysis of eleven double-blinded RCTs of statin therapy for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events, and purports to show that although statins are as good at preventing recurrent cardiac events in women as in men, they do not prevent stroke or reduce all-cause mortality in women. <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1195515\">Two British luminaries contest this<\/a>, arguing that the literature search was incomplete and that the meta-analysis does not include a number of key studies which show that the protective effect of statins in women and men is remarkably similar in every category.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>922\u00a0\u00a0 Even livelier is <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1160670\">the comment<\/a> which accompanies <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1160666\">this Spanish study<\/a> of an intervention to shorten hospital stays for community-acquired pneumonia. The intervention is simple and cost-free\u2014all you need to do is encourage early mobilization and use a checklist to determine when to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics and when to discharge the patient. This three-step programme certainly got patients home sooner with no effect on clinical outcomes, satisfaction or readmission, and so saved a lot of money. But there was no attempt to measure compliance with the protocol by clinicians, which in real life usually barely gets into double percentage figures with interventions of this sort. If this study managed to get everyone to comply, then it may not be a real life scenario. The commentator starts and finishes with the devil, and I\u2019m afraid the title says \u201cthe devil is in the detail.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>938\u00a0\u00a0 Pay for performance diverts effort from high risk patients who need it towards low risk patients who don\u2019t need it, and can even be harmed by it. This was demonstrated a couple of years ago with glycaemic control among British diabetics, and it\u2019s now <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1162170\">demonstrated again in Americans with diabetes<\/a>\u2014this time in respect of blood pressure control. Over 700,000 diabetic patients were subject to an \u201caction measure\u201d by the Veterans\u2019 Administration that encouraged lowering of the systolic BP below 140 mm Hg. \u201cWhile 94% of diabetic veterans met the action measure, rates of potential overtreatment are currently approaching the rate of undertreatment, and high rates of achieving current threshold measures are directly associated with overtreatment.\u201d In other words, when \u201caction measures\u201d are imposed, low risk patients suffer the adverse effects of treatment to target. And these targets are generally derived from studies where the vast majority of the effect was derived from treating the patients at highest risk, as demonstrated by <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=416099\">Timbie, Hayward and Vijan two years ago<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>947\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1162169\">A group of notable US outcomes researchers<\/a> derive a beautifully predictive prediction tool for initial survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest, based on the outcomes of 43,000 resuscitated patients. Its eleven points lie on a straight downward line. <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1162172\">This time the invited commentary<\/a> is merely curmudgeonly, arguing that you\u2019re either dead or you aren\u2019t, so you mustn\u2019t give up on any group, even the ones with a 2.8% chance of surviving without neurological damage.<\/p>\n<p>955\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1149626\">Now here\u2019s a lively, must-read paper<\/a> that you probably wouldn\u2019t find in any other main journal: not a review, not original research, not just an opinion piece\u2014but an intelligent examination of what we mean by pulmonary embolism and how this sheds light on the phenomena of diagnostic drift, overtreatment, and futile therapeutic innovation. \u201cTrials of newer anticoagulants and longer durations of anticoagulation have not yielded real improvements over heparin, inviting doubts regarding its efficacy. Thus, PE is the quintessential diagnosis of medicine not because it represents our greatest success, but because it captures all the complexity of medicine in the evidence-based era. It may serve as a metaphor for many other conditions in medicine, including coronary artery disease. New trials in the field continue to test trivialities, whereas fundamental questions are unanswered.\u201d Do try and get hold of it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ann Intern Med\u00a0 3 July 2012\u00a0 Vol 157<\/strong><br \/>\n1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/annals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=1206684\">A trial to make you pause<\/a>. It was carried out in two leading academic hospitals in the USA using a highly labour-intensive intervention to prevent medication errors in the month following admission for an acute coronary event or acute heart failure. \u201cAmong 851 participants, 432 (50.8%) had 1 or more clinically important medication errors; 22.9% of such errors were judged to be serious and 1.8% life-threatening. Adverse drug events occurred in 258 patients (30.3%) and potential ADEs in 253 patients (29.7%).\u201d But the point is that the intervention made no difference at all, even though it was intelligently thought out and well executed, as far as one can tell. Moral: half of patients who are of above average \u201chealth literacy\u201d will suffer some kind of \u201cpreventable\u201d adverse drug event after a cardiac admission, and there is nothing we know of that will make any difference.<\/p>\n<p>11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 So what does \u201cpreventable\u201d really mean in contexts like this? Many rehospitalizations following myocardial infarction are also deemed \u201cpreventable\u201d and preventing them is a quality of care indicator in several health systems. <a href=\"http:\/\/annals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=1206685\">Here is an observational study<\/a> from little Olmsted county which went through the charts of 3,010 patients who were discharged following MI between 1987 and 2010. Just over 40% of the 643 readmissions were definitely MI-related: the rest were either definitely not or uncertainly related. Co-morbidity played a large role, and complications of revascularization were relatively common too. How truly preventable these readmissions were is not at all clear.<\/p>\n<p>29\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cDespite increasing emphasis on the role of clinical decision-support systems (CDSSs) for improving care and reducing costs, evidence to support widespread use is lacking.\u201d I\u2019m certainly a non-user, not because I don\u2019t think they\u2019re useful, but because of old age and inertia. I probably disqualify myself from comment for those reasons, but the fact is that doing a<a href=\"http:\/\/annals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=1206700\"> great big systematic review of CDSSs<\/a> and concluding that they could be useful is no way to change anyone\u2019s behaviour. Striking people like me off the medical register and inspecting every consultation for the use of a decision aid may be the way forward, but please don\u2019t bring it on for another couple of years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>JAMA\u00a0 4 July 2012\u00a0 Vol 308<\/strong><br \/>\n43\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1212189\">In an editorial<\/a>, Howard Bauchner et al try to explain why all the journals in the group are now going to be renamed with JAMA instead of Archives at the front. Perhaps to distinguish itself from all the rest, the parent journal should call itself JAMA Boring. There is really nothing of general interest to report on from this issue, but for those contemplating the use of herpes zoster vaccine in patients with immune-mediated diseases who are taking immune-modulating therapy, <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=1212306\">here is a study<\/a> which shows that live attenuated vaccine does not cause disease and was fully protective over the two years of the study. That\u2019s about it for now. Maybe by next week it will have progressed to JAMA Slightly Interesting.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arch Intern Med\u00a0 25 June 2012\u00a0 Vol 172 909\u00a0\u00a0 The Archives are about to mutate into JAMA Internal Medicine, but I generally find them a better read than JAMA proper. [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2012\/07\/09\/richard-lehmans-journal-review-9-july-2012\/\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[317],"class_list":["post-18466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-richard-lehmans-weekly-review-of-medical-journals","tag-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Richard Lehman&#039;s journal review - 9 July 2012 - The BMJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bmj\/2012\/07\/09\/richard-lehmans-journal-review-9-july-2012\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Richard Lehman&#039;s journal review - 9 July 2012 - The BMJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arch Intern Med\u00a0 25 June 2012\u00a0 Vol 172 909\u00a0\u00a0 The Archives are about to mutate into JAMA Internal Medicine, but I generally find them a better read than JAMA proper. 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