{"id":9555,"date":"2020-10-16T12:00:18","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T11:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=9555"},"modified":"2020-10-19T10:47:00","modified_gmt":"2020-10-19T09:47:00","slug":"red-s-risk-factors-for-international-student-athletes-part-one-of-a-first-hand-account","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2020\/10\/16\/red-s-risk-factors-for-international-student-athletes-part-one-of-a-first-hand-account\/","title":{"rendered":"RED-S Risk Factors for International-Student Athletes: Part one of a first-hand account."},"content":{"rendered":"

American University sport scholarships can be a huge draw for British athletes. World class facilities, free (or heavily subsidised) education, and the promise of an enriching experience offer a once-in a lifetime opportunity for many. Yet with oceans and borders separating them from family, friends and support networks, international student-athletes (ISAs) can face a number of unique challenges. This two-part blog highlights those which have the potential to contribute to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)\u00a0\u2013 a syndrome of low energy availability with adverse consequences on mental and physical health \u2013 with an aim to increase recognition of risk factors among athletes, coaches and parents.<\/p>\n

Personal Risk Factors<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Environmental changes<\/span><\/p>\n

Research[1]<\/a> indicates an association between transitional life events and the onset of\u00a0disordered eating behaviours. In addition, being surrounded by new foods, new norms and new people at a time when an athlete may be starting to think more about their diet or bodyweight may increase the likelihood of intentional or inadvertent calorie restriction.\u00a0ISAs may lack the skills or resources to plan, shop and feed themselves sufficiently for their training; they may not always have access to reliable or accurate nutrition advice; and they may feel overwhelmed by the array of commercially promoted products often marketed above wholesome, nutritious foods.<\/p>\n

Internal pressure<\/span><\/p>\n

ISAs are typically hard-working, committed individuals who are driven to achieve their potential. Moving far away from home and loved ones, choosing a different path to peers, accepting substantial financial support and working with a new coach and team can all add to the pressure of ensuring their sacrifices and privileges \u2018pay off\u2019. This in turn may increase the likelihood of taking drastic exercise or nutritional measures (like over-training or calorie restriction) in\u00a0order to improve performance.<\/p>\n

Loss of autonomy\u00a0or identity<\/span><\/p>\n

ISAs are often encouraged to select classes that fit around their sporting schedule (rather than academic interest or future career aspirations), which can strongly\u00a0influence their selection of subjects. In addition, between classes, training, conditioning, physical therapy, team meetings and travelling to and from training and competitions,\u00a0there can be limited opportunities to \u2018switch off\u2019 from sport, self-govern other activities, or focus on different aspects of their identity.<\/p>\n

Increased energy requirements<\/span><\/p>\n

Alongside a potential increase in the intensity or duration of training, ISAs may not be used to travelling to training based on the periphery of a large university campus. In the case of some athletics disciplines (e.g. distance running), activities can be based off-site and require a minibus or car journey which can delay the post-training meal. Athletes may not necessarily consider the need for additional nutritional support in line with these potentially substantial changes.<\/p>\n

Lack of social support outside of sport environment<\/span><\/p>\n

The transition to university is often the first time an ISA has lived apart from their primary support system and it can be hard to build close new forms of support outside the sports setting. Changes in time difference and proximity from close friends and family back at home can alter communication channels and make it harder to reach out for support, especially when discussing personal topics over phone or a video-calls. Those overseas are also less likely to be able to detect changes in an ISAs dietary habits, training behaviours or body composition, which can increase the likelihood of overlooking early RED-S warning signs.<\/p>\n

Big barriers to seeking help<\/span><\/p>\n

Due to the internal and external pressures of ISA life, it may be harder for an individual to accept the signs of RED-S. An athlete showing symptoms may not be willing to confide in anyone for fear of jeopardising their scholarship or being required to undertake treatment that may have a perceived negative performance impact. In addition, they may feel under pressure to appease the coach who dictates their scholarship renewal or team selection.<\/p>\n

In part two, we will hear about some of the structural risk factors, as well as some suggestions to reduce the risk of ISAs being affected by RED-S in the future.<\/em><\/p>\n

Author: Pippa Woolven<\/p>\n

Pippa is a GB distance runner who balances elite athletics with full time work for the National Trust. During her university years, Pippa won three British University titles (in Cross-Country and 3,000m steeplechase) and represented England at the Commonwealth Games whilst studying in America on a sports scholarship. Since then, Pippa has battled and overcome several health issues including disordered eating, RED-S and amenorrhea \u2013 topics which she now helps mentor others through at\u00a0www.athletesinbalance.com<\/a>.\u00a0Having returned to good health, Pippa was part of the silver medal-winning British Team at the European Cross-Country Championships in 2018 and finished 35th at the World Championships in 2019.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

[1]<\/a> Berge, J. M., Loth, K., Hanson, C., Croll-Lampert, J., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2012). Family life cycle transitions and the onset of eating disorders: a retrospective grounded theory approach. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(9-10), 1355\u20131363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03762.x<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

American University sport scholarships can be a huge draw for British athletes. World class facilities, free (or heavily subsidised) education, and the promise of an enriching experience offer a once-in a lifetime opportunity for many. Yet with oceans and borders separating them from family, friends and support networks, international student-athletes (ISAs) can face a number […]<\/p>\n

Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[16068,3040,16102],"class_list":["post-9555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-featured","tag-red-s","tag-relative-energy-deficiency-syndrome-red-s"],"yoast_head":"\nRED-S Risk Factors for International-Student Athletes: Part one of a first-hand account. - BJSM blog - social media's leading SEM voice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2020\/10\/16\/red-s-risk-factors-for-international-student-athletes-part-one-of-a-first-hand-account\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RED-S Risk Factors for International-Student Athletes: Part one of a first-hand account. - BJSM blog - social media's leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"American University sport scholarships can be a huge draw for British athletes. World class facilities, free (or heavily subsidised) education, and the promise of an enriching experience offer a once-in a lifetime opportunity for many. 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