{"id":6154,"date":"2015-01-21T02:11:01","date_gmt":"2015-01-21T01:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=6154"},"modified":"2015-01-21T02:11:01","modified_gmt":"2015-01-21T01:11:01","slug":"sitting-ducks-sedentary-behaviour-and-its-health-risks-part-one-of-a-two-part-series","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2015\/01\/21\/sitting-ducks-sedentary-behaviour-and-its-health-risks-part-one-of-a-two-part-series\/","title":{"rendered":"Sitting Ducks &#8211; Sedentary Behaviour and its Health Risks: Part One of a Two Part Series"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong><em>Undergraduate perspective on Sports &amp; Exercise Medicine &#8211;<\/em><\/strong><\/span><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff9900\"><em>a BJSM blog series<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>By Rory Heath (<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/roryjheath\">@Roryjheath)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The recent Inaugural Active Working Summit, January 8<sup>th<\/sup>, 2015, brought together representatives from healthcare, scientific research and commercial organisations with an aim to promote wellness at work.<\/p>\n<p>At BJSM, we\u2019ve covered the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/07\/31\/youd-have-to-be-crazy-not-to-exercise-for-your-brain-aerobic-exercise-and-resistance-training-both-work\/\">benefits of exercise on the brain<\/a> before and even proposed a \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/02\/16\/tour-de-office-new-research-findings-on-mini-bike-for-sedentary-workers\/\">Tour de Office<\/a>\u2019. Here, we profile a great example of progress in the field, demonstrating the latest research into problems and their solutions.<\/p>\n<p>I will present the Summit\u2019s findings as part of a two part series: 1. Sedentary Behaviour &amp; its Health Risks and; 2. Implementation of Active Working \u00a0and related workplace behaviours changes.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Setting the Scene \u2013 How Much Time Do We Sit? Changing Patterns of Sedentary Behaviour.<\/span> Dr Stacy Clemes, Senior Lecturer in Human Biology, Loughborough University<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>During waking hours 65% of an average person\u2019s day is spent sedentary; 9-10 hours for adults.<\/li>\n<li>Sitting at work = 60% of total daily sitting time on a weekday, but even on weekends people still sit for 8 hours.<br \/>\n<strong><em>&#8211; Activity at work can have great effect to reduce sedentary behaviour time!<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>High work sitters spent &gt;7.5 hours sitting at work.<br \/>\n<em>&#8211; How many hours does a typical medical student spend sitting down in preclinical?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Even in the \u2018active\u2019 education and retail sectors, employees spend &gt;6 and 2 hours respectively sitting at work, with 10 and 6 hours totally spent sitting over the day. Employees in Telecommunications spend &gt;<em>12 hours<\/em> sitting a day!<\/li>\n<li>More sedentary at work = more sedentary at home. Unfortunately, these people do not tend to compensate by increasing activity in their leisure time. (Clemes et al., 2015)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Why Sitting is Bad \u2013 Effects on Heart Disease, Obesity and Diabetes.<\/span><br \/>\nDr Jason Gill, Reader, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Even if a person completes the recommended daily 30 minutes of exercise, the amount of time spent sitting in the day still substantially affects mortality risk.<\/li>\n<li>Diabetes; A major cause of blindness, amputation and mortality. NHS diabetes spending is projected to double to \u00a316.9 billion by 2035 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.diabetes.org.uk\/about_us\/news_landing_page\/nhs-spending-on-diabetes-to-reach-169-billion-by-2035\/\">see here<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>People that sit the most have a 112% increase in the Relative Risk (RR) of Diabetes and a 147% increase in the RR of cardiovascular events compared to people who sit down the least. Overall mortality is increased by 50%. Sitting down has similar mortality rates to smoking (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22890825\">Wilmot et al, 2012, Diabetologia<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s been shown that prolonged sitting adversely affects glucose metabolism. However, sitting with \u2018light-moderate\u2019 intensity breaks can <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">significantly reduce<\/span><\/em> glucose and insulin levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Sedentary Behaviour and Risk Co-Relation to Cancer and Mental Health.<\/span><br \/>\nDr David Dunstan, Professor &amp; Head, Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI \u2013 <\/strong><strong>Melbourne<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Cancer<\/em><\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Positive associations between Cancer and Sedentary Behaviour exist:<br \/>\n&#8211; Lung cancer increases by 54%<br \/>\n&#8211; Uterine cancer 66%<br \/>\n&#8211; Colon Cancer 30% increased risk.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these associations, there is a <strong><em>lack of high quality studies<\/em><\/strong><em>. <\/em>\u2018We may see stronger relationships between sedentary behaviour and cancers if we measured it better\u2019.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Potential mechanisms &#8211; Sedentary behaviour contributes to an interrelated network of increased body fat, altered production of sex hormones, metabolic dysfunction, leptin, adiponectin and inflammation, encouraging cancer development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Mental health<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The risk of anxiety and depression is significantly higher in those who sit more while increased activity shows better subjective mental heath and vitality.<br \/>\nPotential mechanism: Physical activity displaces sedentary behaviour and has proven benefits. Perhaps there is also a \u2018social withdrawal hypothesis involvement\u2019.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sitting has a higher rate of subjective fatigue than standing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">A Brief Overview of Global Sedentary Science Research.<\/span><br \/>\nDr Sebastien Chastin, Senior Research Fellow in Behaviour Dynamics, Glasgow Caledonian University<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1953 \u2018London Bus Study\u2019 &#8211; bus drivers had a higher mortality rate due to Cardiovascular Disease compared to the more active bus conductors. If a conductor\u2019s \u2018Low level activity\u2019 is beneficial, this should translate similar benefits in our modern world. (J Morris et al., 1953)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/start-active-stay-active-a-report-on-physical-activity-from-the-four-home-countries-chief-medical-officers\">Start Active, Stay Active<\/a> states that all ages should \u2018minimise the amount of time spent being sedentary for extended periods\u2019. <em>It\u2019s now time to convert studies and new policy into change and progress in the workplace. <\/em><\/li>\n<li>For every \u20ac100 spent on Nutrition, \u20ac35 is spent on Physical Activity but <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">only \u20ac6 Euros<\/span> <\/em>are spent on Sedentary Behaviour research \u2794 more funding is needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The Sitting Time Bomb \u2013 Are We Prepared?<\/span><br \/>\nDr Tom Yates, Senior Lecturer in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour &amp; Health, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We are now victims of our own environment. Historically human mortality was due to infective causes; now our greatest killers are self-inflicted Physical Inactivity, Smoking, Diabetes and CVD.<\/li>\n<li>We spend \u00a38 billion on T2D, 14 billion on CVD and 9 billion on cancer. These are preventable &#8211; it is the interaction of our genes and our environment that is causing these diseases.<\/li>\n<li>The classic medical solution is to provide a pill:<br \/>\nPharmaceutical companies spend between $873 million to $<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">8 billion<\/span> in drug development. This completely dwarfs the money spent on research into sedentary behaviour.<\/li>\n<li>We treat obesity through invasive, dangerous surgery. We must find a preventative, cheaper, safer option; through changes to environment and policy. It is possible &#8211; look at the change in smoking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>Takeaway thoughts<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Public Health focuses on promoting Exercise but neglects sitting, where people spend the majority of their time. There is a grey area between moderate and sedentary activity that needs to be addressed in public health policy.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You can still be active whilst sitting. Fidgeting and moving around can reduce time spent sitting still. Choose your office furniture wisely, choose ergonomic chairs and sit-stand desks.<br \/>\n\u2018Just moving around will lead to benefits\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>We urgently need large scale long term intervention studies to evaluate effect of interventions to reducing sitting on health outcomes in real world settings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>#ActiveWorking is gaining momentum and will continue to change workplaces in the future. To see tweets from myself and others from the event, enter #ActiveWorking on Twitter. To find out more about the event, check out <a href=\"http:\/\/www.getbritainstanding.org\">www.getbritainstanding.org<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/getGBstanding\">@getGBstanding<\/a>) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.activeworking.org.uk\">http:\/\/www.activeworking.org.uk<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/activeworking\">@ACTIVEworking<\/a>), and subscribe to hear the latest details of next year\u2019s event.<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime; stand, walk, fidget and move as much as you can before the second blog is posted!<br \/>\n***************************************<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rory Heath<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/roryjheath\">@roryjheath<\/a>) is a third year medical student at King\u2019s College London (KCL) and has a keen interest in sport, diet and exercise. He has played county rugby and rugby league for London and South. He is currently the KCL representative of the undergraduate London Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine Society (LSEMS). (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thelondonsemsociety\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TheLondonSEMSociety<\/a>). He runs a blog at <a href=\"http:\/\/roryjheath.wordpress.com\/\">roryjheath.wordpress.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Liam West<\/strong>\u00a0BSc (Hons) MBBCh PGCert SEM (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/liam_west\">@Liam_West<\/a>) is a Cardiff Medical School graduate and now a junior doctor at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. He is an\u00a0Associate Editor for BJSM and also coordinates the \u201cUndergraduate Perspective on Sports &amp; Exercise Medicine\u201d Blog Series.<\/p>\n<p>If you would like to contribute to the \u201cUndergraduate Perspective on Sports &amp; Exercise Medicine\u201d Blog Series please email <a href=\"mailto:liamwestsem@hotmail.co.uk\">LIAMWESTSEM@HOTMAIL.CO.UK<\/a> for further information.<!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Undergraduate perspective on Sports &amp; Exercise Medicine &#8211;\u00a0a BJSM blog series By Rory Heath (@Roryjheath) The recent Inaugural Active Working Summit, January 8th, 2015, brought together representatives from healthcare, scientific research and commercial organisations with an aim to promote wellness at work. At BJSM, we\u2019ve covered the benefits of exercise on the brain before and [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2015\/01\/21\/sitting-ducks-sedentary-behaviour-and-its-health-risks-part-one-of-a-two-part-series\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8212,1807,2332,8211,2905],"class_list":["post-6154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-activeworking","tag-physical-activity","tag-sedentary-behaviour","tag-sitting","tag-undergraduate-perspective"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sitting Ducks - Sedentary Behaviour and its Health Risks: Part One of a Two Part Series - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2015\/01\/21\/sitting-ducks-sedentary-behaviour-and-its-health-risks-part-one-of-a-two-part-series\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sitting Ducks - Sedentary Behaviour and its Health Risks: Part One of a Two Part Series - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Undergraduate perspective on Sports &amp; Exercise Medicine &#8211;\u00a0a BJSM blog series By Rory Heath (@Roryjheath) The recent Inaugural Active Working Summit, January 8th, 2015, brought together representatives from healthcare, scientific research and commercial organisations with an aim to promote wellness at work. 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