{"id":1554,"date":"2011-07-14T01:56:08","date_gmt":"2011-07-14T00:56:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=1554"},"modified":"2011-07-14T19:13:38","modified_gmt":"2011-07-14T18:13:38","slug":"guest-blog-by-dr-geir-k-resaland-success-stories-in-exercise-is-medicine-physical-activity-intervention-in-norwegian-schools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/07\/14\/guest-blog-by-dr-geir-k-resaland-success-stories-in-exercise-is-medicine-physical-activity-intervention-in-norwegian-schools\/","title":{"rendered":"Guest Blog by Dr. Geir K. Resaland: Success stories in Exercise is Medicine &#8212; physical activity intervention in Norwegian schools"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #003366\"><em>This Guest Blog is the first in a series of blogs highlighting success stories &#8211; where exercise was implemented and made a difference. As part of the BJSM initiative in &#8216;implementation&#8217; we invite readers to submit success stories &#8211; and we will solicit them too! <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1575\" title=\"Children-Exercise\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2011\/07\/Children-Exercise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"300\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/brage.bibsys.no\/nih\/handle\/URN:NBN:no-bibsys_brage_12415\" target=\"_blank\">Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease  risk factors in children: effects of a two-year school-based daily  physical activity intervention<\/a> was my PhD study &#8211; at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.<\/p>\n<p>Professors Lars Bo Andersen and Sigmund Anderssen were my mentors for this 2-year, school-based, \u00a0controlled intervention carried out in two towns in the western parts of Norway.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here is a brief overview of our investigation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>AIM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To  investigate the effects of a school-based intervention, involving 60  minutes of daily physical activity over two school years, on CRF and CVD  risk factors in nine-year-old<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"> <\/span>children.<\/li>\n<li>To describe CRF levels and CVD risk factor levels in rural  nine-year old children<\/li>\n<li>To examine the association between CRF and  clustering of CVD risk factors\u00a0in these children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>METHODS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>A  total of 256 rural Norwegian children participated in this controlled  intervention study. Intervention-school children carried out 60-minute  physical activity over two school years. Control-school children had the  regular curriculum-defined amount of physical activity in school, i.e.  45 minutes twice weekly. Peak oxygen uptake was directly measured during  a continuous progressive treadmill protocol where the children ran  until exhaustion. A blood sample was taken from each child for analyses  of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein  cholesterol and triglyceride. Also body mass, height, systolic and  diastolic blood pressure and waist and hip circumference were measured.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>MAIN RESULTS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The  intervention resulted in a significant greater beneficial development  in peak oxygen uptake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total  cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and  triglyceride in intervention-school children than in control-school  children. No significant differences in changes were observed in waist  circumference, body mass index and the homeostasis model assessment for  insulin resistance between the two groups. Furthermore, the  intervention, primarily carried out at moderate intensity, showed that  those children in the I-school with the least favorable starting point  experienced the most beneficial effect of the intervention. The  cross-sectional data suggested that low CRF, and low CRF and high  fatness combined were highly associated with clustered CVD risk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MAIN CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This  two-year school-based teacher-led 60-minute daily PA intervention  resulted in a significant greater beneficial development in SBP, DBP,  TC:HDL ratio, TG and VO2peak in the I-school children than in the  C-school children. No significant differences in changes were observed  in WC, BMI and HOMA-IR between the two groups.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PERSPECTIVES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A  daily school-based physical activity intervention can significantly  increase children\u2019s CRF levels and beneficially modify their CVD risk  profile if the intervention is sufficiently long,\u00a0includes substantial daily physical activity, and if the physical  activity is planned and organized by expert physical education teachers.  Therefore, daily physical activity should be\u00a0given due consideration in the design of school policies.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>EPILOGUE (what happened after the intervention period was over in 2007 ?)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The  daily physical activity intervention program was established as part of  the school curriculum for all participating children from the I-school,  thus the physical activity was mandatory.<\/p>\n<p>However, an important  question is: What will happen to the physical activity in the I-school  after the physical activity-project is completed? The I-school, Trudvang  School in Sogndal, Norway, based on their experience in the Sogndal  school-intervention study, has decided to continue its commitment to the  physical activity program, and expand the program to all students.<\/p>\n<p>The  program consists of 30 minutes of daily teacher-led physical activity.  Trudvang School considers the 30 minutes of daily physical activity as a  subject with the same status and financial resources as the traditional  subjects. Additionally, the children are given the possibility of a  minimum of 30 minutes of daily free play in recess. At Trudvang School,  there is no conflict between PE and physical activity. The former is a  subject with defined goals which teachers and pupils work together to  accomplish, while the latter has a public health perspective. For both  PE and physical activity, trained PE teachers are responsible for the  planning and organizing of lessons, and they also lead the physical  activity lessons together with classroom teachers when appropriate. In  this way, the students receive physical activity lessons of high  quality. According to Trudvang School, all obstacles have now been  overcome, and daily physical activity is a natural part of the school  day. According to the principal (Bjarte Ramstad), Trudvang school will  never return to the \u201ctraditional\u201d weekly 2 X 45 minutes PE ! Schools are  coming from different parts of Norway to learn from Trudvang school.  This week 8 schools from the Hardanger area (close to Bergen) came to  visit (and learn).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080\">CONCLUSION<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I believe that the school setting is an ideal environment  for population-based physical activity interventions. In most countries,  schools exist in all municipalities, and most children and adolescents,  from the age of six to 16, spend most of their day in school. Hence,  the school setting may be the only means in society to reach a large  number of children from all socio-economic backgrounds. In my opinion,  the two best school interventions carried out so far is:<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reed  et al. Action Schools! BC: A school-based physical activity  intervention designed to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in  children. Prev Med. 2008: 46(6): 525\u2013531.<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kriemler et al. Effect  of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and  adiposity in primary schoolchildren: cluster randomised controlled  trial. BMJ. 2010: 340(c785).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Related BJSM Articles<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/45\/10\/813.abstract?sid=aee3cb26-9d72-4f69-9541-00c7d252d912\" target=\"_blank\">Nettlefold, L,\u00a0McKay HA,\u00a0\u00a0Warburton DER, McGuire KA, Bredin SSD, and Naylor PJ. 2011.\u00a0The challenge of low\u00a0physical\u00a0activity\u00a0during the school day: at recess, lunch and inphysical\u00a0education. BJSM\u00a0;45:813-819\u00a0Published Online First:\u00a09 March 2010.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><a href=\"19 May 2011\" target=\"_blank\">Nicola D Ridgers, ND, Timperio, A, Crawford D, and Salmon J. 2011.\u00a0Five-year changes in school recess and lunchtime and the contribution to\u00a0children&#8217;s dailyphysical\u00a0activity. BJSM, Published Online First:\u00a019 May 2011<\/a><!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This Guest Blog is the first in a series of blogs highlighting success stories &#8211; where exercise was implemented and made a difference. As part of the BJSM initiative in &#8216;implementation&#8217; we invite readers to submit success stories &#8211; and we will solicit them too! Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children: effects [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/07\/14\/guest-blog-by-dr-geir-k-resaland-success-stories-in-exercise-is-medicine-physical-activity-intervention-in-norwegian-schools\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[192,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-children","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Guest Blog by Dr. Geir K. 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