{"id":1229,"date":"2011-04-18T23:02:06","date_gmt":"2011-04-18T22:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=1229"},"modified":"2011-05-04T20:53:43","modified_gmt":"2011-05-04T19:53:43","slug":"androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/","title":{"rendered":"Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1231\" title=\"9dd839d19c21eb66336f684d1ec5-grande\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2011\/04\/9dd839d19c21eb66336f684d1ec5-grande1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"421\" height=\"332\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) recently approved new rules governing the eligibility of women with <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperandrogenism\" target=\"_blank\">hyperandrogenism<\/a> <\/strong>for competition.<\/p>\n<p>The IAAF aims to avoid future controversy similar to \u201cthe case\u201d of Caster Semenya who won the World Championship in 2009 for the 800 m in Berlin (<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MpblUehi9Dk&amp;feature=fvwrel\" target=\"_blank\">watch race<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MpblUehi9Dk&amp;feature=fvwrel\" target=\"_blank\"> <\/a><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MpblUehi9Dk&amp;feature=fvwrel\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/strong>). 3 weeks prior to the competition, the IAAF asked the South African Athletics Association to perform a gender verification test on Semenya. They were concerned that, \u201cshe does not meet the requirements to compete as a woman.\u201d The request was broadcast in popular media and Semenya was subject to an embarrassing public trial and speculation.<\/p>\n<p>Semenya has since been cleared of official allegations and allowed to compete. However, murmurings questioning her eligibility and the broader controversy surrounding gender testing in sport remain.<\/p>\n<p>Outcomes of the IAAFs 18-month review include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Athletic competition will continue to be divided into men\u2019s and women\u2019s categories<\/li>\n<li>A female with hyperandrogenism who is recognised as a female in law shall be eligible to compete in women\u2019s competition in athletics provided that she has androgen levels below the male range<\/li>\n<li>The IAAF has appointed a pool of international medical experts to review cases<\/li>\n<li>A 3-level medical process will ensure that all potentially relevant data is made available to the expert medical panel for evaluation purposes<\/li>\n<li>The medical process under the regulations shall be conducted in strict confidentiality<\/li>\n<li>A female athlete who declines, fails or refuses to comply with the eligibility determination process under the regulations shall not be eligible for women\u2019s competition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The new IAAF guidelines establish an official protocol for clinicians to follow. But does focussing on the range of androgen levels effectively address a central underlying issue, namely where to create a dividing line, between &#8220;men&#8221; and &#8220;women&#8221; in international sporting competitions? Who decides on the cut-off points?\u00a0Can gender clearly fit into two categories?<\/p>\n<p>While viewing gender on a spectrum may be uncomfortable for some traditionalists, and problematic for social organization both within and outside of sport, it is still important to consider. <cite><span style=\"font-style: normal\">Foddy and Savulescu state, <\/span>\u201c<\/cite>we should recognise that many injustices stem from the segregation of athletics by gender. So far, we have addressed this problem by pretending that there are only two genders, or that intersex conditions are exceedingly rare. But as Semenya&#8217;s case demonstrates, we cannot maintain this pretence forever.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In a forthcoming BJSM article <span style=\"color: #000000\">(stay tuned to BJSM online)<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,<\/span><em> <\/em>Ballantyne, Kayser and Grootegoed take a different perspective: \u201c it is harmful and confusing to question sex and gender.\u201d They suggest an approach in-line the new protocols of the IAAF (although stated in-proof \u00a0that they arrived at their viewpoint completely independent of IAAF). The authors contend,<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt might be justifiable to use the circulating testosterone level as an endocrinological parameter, to try to arrive at an objective criterion in evaluating what separates women and men in sports competitions, which could prevent the initiation of complicated, lengthy and damaging sex and gender verification procedures.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Regardless of perspective, it is important that ideological differences do not trump the human rights of athletes. I leave you with three final questions: how can we as clinicians ensure athlete\u2019s protection from gender-based prejudice? How can we support all athletes\u2019 opportunity for fair competition? Are the new IAAF regulations a step in the right direction?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong> BJSM encourages readers to share their views below (as comments) or via a guest blog (just email <\/strong><\/span><a href=\"mailto:karim.khan@ubc.ca\"><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>karim.khan@ubc.ca<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #800000\"><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">For more on this issue see these related BJSM articles:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ballantyne, Kayser and Grootegoed. Sex and gender issues in competitive sports:\u00a0investigation of a historical case leads to a new viewpoint\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800080\">NOW ONLINE <span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">(link to article <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2011\/05\/03\/bjsm.2010.082552.full\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">)<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><cite><span style=\"font-style: normal\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2010\/08\/10\/bjsm.2010.071639.short?rss=1\" target=\"_blank\">Foddy and Savulescu. 2010. <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/cite><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2010\/08\/10\/bjsm.2010.071639.short?rss=1\" target=\"_blank\">Time to re-evaluate gender segregation in athletics?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/39\/10\/695.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Reeser. 2005. Gender Identity and sport: is the playing field level? <\/a><\/p>\n<h1><em> <\/em><\/h1>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: xx-large\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/address>\n<p><!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) recently approved new rules governing the eligibility of women with hyperandrogenism for competition. The IAAF aims to avoid future controversy similar to \u201cthe case\u201d of Caster Semenya who won the World Championship in 2009 for the 800 m in Berlin (watch race here). 3 weeks prior to the [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,1,187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-debates","category-uncategorized","category-hot-topic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations  - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations  - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) recently approved new rules governing the eligibility of women with hyperandrogenism for competition. The IAAF aims to avoid future controversy similar to \u201cthe case\u201d of Caster Semenya who won the World Championship in 2009 for the 800 m in Berlin (watch race here). 3 weeks prior to the [...]Read More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-04-18T22:02:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2011-05-04T19:53:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2011\/04\/9dd839d19c21eb66336f684d1ec5-grande1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"BMJ\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"BMJ\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"BMJ\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe\"},\"headline\":\"Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-04-18T22:02:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-05-04T19:53:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":641,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/9dd839d19c21eb66336f684d1ec5-grande1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Debates\",\"General\",\"Hot Topic\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/18\\\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\\\/\",\"name\":\"Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations - 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The IAAF aims to avoid future controversy similar to \u201cthe case\u201d of Caster Semenya who won the World Championship in 2009 for the 800 m in Berlin (watch race here). 3 weeks prior to the [...]Read More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/","og_site_name":"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","article_published_time":"2011-04-18T22:02:06+00:00","article_modified_time":"2011-05-04T19:53:43+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2011\/04\/9dd839d19c21eb66336f684d1ec5-grande1.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"BMJ","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"BMJ","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/"},"author":{"name":"BMJ","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#\/schema\/person\/ba3da426ed20e8f1d933ca367d8216fe"},"headline":"Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations","datePublished":"2011-04-18T22:02:06+00:00","dateModified":"2011-05-04T19:53:43+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/"},"wordCount":641,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2011\/04\/9dd839d19c21eb66336f684d1ec5-grande1.jpg","articleSection":["Debates","General","Hot Topic"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2011\/04\/18\/androgen-levels-to-override-gender-categories-in-athletic-competition-new-iaaf-regulations\/","name":"Androgen Levels to Override Gender Categories in Athletic Competition: New IAAF Regulations - 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