{"id":11634,"date":"2025-06-27T06:00:28","date_gmt":"2025-06-27T05:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11634"},"modified":"2025-06-23T10:40:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T09:40:02","slug":"the-intensity-of-physical-activity-are-we-measuring-absolute-intensity-e-g-how-fast-a-person-walks-or-relative-intensity-e-g-how-easy-or-hard-it-is-for-the-individual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2025\/06\/27\/the-intensity-of-physical-activity-are-we-measuring-absolute-intensity-e-g-how-fast-a-person-walks-or-relative-intensity-e-g-how-easy-or-hard-it-is-for-the-individual\/","title":{"rendered":"The intensity of physical activity \u2013 are we measuring absolute intensity (e.g., how fast a person walks) or relative intensity (e.g., how easy or hard it is for the individual)?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Authors<\/strong>: Alex Rowlands and Mark Orme<\/em><\/p>\n

Why is this study important?<\/h4>\n

Wearable activity monitors are increasingly used to assess how physically active people are. The intensity of physical activity measured by these devices is usually expressed in absolute terms. For example, time spent above a given rate of energy expenditure (e.g., 3 metabolic equivalents (METs), defined as moderate), or above a walking speed (e.g., 3 mph).<\/span><\/p>\n

However, this approach does not account for an individual\u2019s physical capacity; that is, walking at 3 mph may be perceived as light (or easy) by a person with high fitness, but vigorous (or hard) by a person with low fitness. Expressing the intensity of a person\u2019s physical activity relative to their physical capacity reflects how hard activities feel to that person.<\/span><\/p>\n

Clinical studies typically use relative intensity, e.g., <\/span>prescription of intensity<\/span><\/a> based on <\/span>heart rate<\/span><\/a> or <\/span>rating of perceived exertion (RPE)<\/span><\/a>, while <\/span>epidemiological studies<\/span><\/a> typically use absolute intensity. This difference in how intensity is defined may impact on the applicability of epidemiological findings in clinical settings.<\/span><\/p>\n

We have <\/span>previously<\/span><\/a> developed <\/span>open-source tools<\/span><\/a> that use data from wearable activity monitors to express the intensity of a person\u2019s physical activity relative to their physical capacity. In this study, we apply these methods to determine whether epidemiological findings differ depending on whether absolute or relative intensity is measured. We considered: (1) age-related differences in physical activity; and (2) associations with mortality.<\/span><\/p>\n

How did the study<\/a> go about this?<\/h4>\n

We used data from 11,463 participants of the <\/span>UK Biobank<\/span><\/a> study, aged 43-76 years, who had their cardiorespiratory fitness (physical capacity) measured and who wore an activity monitor for up to 7-days. We used performance on the fitness test to determine each person\u2019s maximum physical activity level. We then expressed the intensity of their daily physical activity relative to this maximum level.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For participants who died during the ~8-years since their activity was measured, we obtained the date of death from NHS records.<\/span><\/p>\n

What did the study find?<\/h4>\n

Age differences in physical activity and associations with mortality differed depending on whether intensity was expressed in absolute terms or relative to a person\u2019s physical capacity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The absolute intensity of people\u2019s daily physical activity declined by age. However, the relative intensity of daily physical activity was similar across age. Thus, despite older people doing less activity, they were just as active as younger people relative to their physical capacity.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. For women, either higher absolute intensity or higher relative intensity of physical activity was associated with lower rates of mortality.\u00a0 However, in men, only higher absolute intensity of physical activity was associated with lower rates of mortality.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    What are the key take-home points?<\/h4>\n

    It matters whether the intensity of physical activity is measured in absolute terms or relative to a person\u2019s capacity. Thus, it is important to consider how activity intensity is defined when applying findings from epidemiological studies to clinical settings.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Assessing physical activity based on absolute intensity overestimates moderate intensity activity in younger (and\/or healthy) populations and underestimates moderate intensity activity in older (and\/or less healthy) populations.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Daily physical activity profiles including 30 minutes of walking at >3.5 mph (or >110 steps\/min) were associated with the lowest mortality risk in men and women. In women only, daily physical activity profiles with 20 minutes at or above a <\/span>RPE<\/span><\/a> of 12\u201314 were also associated with a low risk of mortality.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Authors: Alex Rowlands and Mark Orme Why is this study important? Wearable activity monitors are increasingly used to assess how physically active people are. The intensity of physical activity measured by these devices is usually expressed in absolute terms. For example, time spent above a given rate of energy expenditure (e.g., 3 metabolic equivalents (METs), […]<\/p>\n

    Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":464,"featured_media":11635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[655,16068,16407,16408,16409,16410,16406],"class_list":["post-11634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-exercise","tag-featured","tag-heart-rate","tag-intensit","tag-intensity","tag-measurement","tag-rpe"],"yoast_head":"\nThe intensity of physical activity \u2013 are we measuring absolute intensity (e.g., how fast a person walks) or relative intensity (e.g., how easy or hard it is for the individual)? - BJSM blog - social media's leading SEM voice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11634\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The intensity of physical activity \u2013 are we measuring absolute intensity (e.g., how fast a person walks) or relative intensity (e.g., how easy or hard it is for the individual)? - BJSM blog - social media's leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Authors: Alex Rowlands and Mark Orme Why is this study important? 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