{"id":11611,"date":"2025-05-30T06:00:10","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T05:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611"},"modified":"2025-05-30T01:44:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T00:44:23","slug":"from-anxiety-to-assurance-rethinking-cardiovascular-pre-participation-screening-for-athletes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2025\/05\/30\/from-anxiety-to-assurance-rethinking-cardiovascular-pre-participation-screening-for-athletes\/","title":{"rendered":"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Authors: <\/strong><em><b>Nima Vasigh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Queen\u2019s University, Department of Medicine, <\/span><\/em><em><b>Nicholas Grubic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Why does this matter?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of death among young athletes, making early detection a priority for sports medicine. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening (PPS) is widely used to identify at-risk individuals before the occurrence of life-threatening cardiac events.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While previous research has explored the physiological implications of PPS, these studies primarily used survey-based methods.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A comprehensive understanding of how young athletes perceive and react to PPS is needed to optimize screening protocols that prioritize a holistic approach to athlete well-being.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>What did we do?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This study used a mixed-methods design to capture quantitative and qualitative insights into athletes\u2019 psychological reactions to PPS.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A total of 222 young competitive athletes (mean age: 18.7 years) from a Canadian university participated in this study. All athletes completed a cardiovascular history questionnaire, while a subset (n=165) underwent additional screening via electrocardiogram (ECG) and physical examination.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To assess psychological responses, athletes completed surveys measuring levels of anxiety, stress, and worry related to screening (mean scores reported below). Additionally, focus groups and interviews were conducted to gather in-depth perspectives on their screening experiences.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>What did we find?<\/h4>\n<p><b><i>Minimal psychological distress:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Most athletes reported minimal anxiety (-1.29), stress (-1.41), and worry (-1.12) related to PPS on a five-point scale (-2 as strongly disagree to +2 as strongly agree).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Positive perception of screening:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Athletes strongly agreed that PPS was beneficial for their safety (1.25) and necessary for participation (0.84).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Higher distress in certain groups:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Athletes with cardiovascular symptoms or a family history reported higher anxiety (-1.02), stress (-1.24), and worry due to PPS (-0.73) compared to those without (-1.40, -1.49, -1.25, respectively).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Comprehensive screening reduces stress:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Those undergoing ECGs and physical exams reported lower stress (-1.50), anxiety (-1.45), and worry (-1.19) compared to those who only completed a history questionnaire (-1.09, -1.05, -0.89, respectively).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Qualitative insights:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While infrequent, distress related to PPS mainly arose from the possibility of discovering an unknown cardiovascular condition, the potential for sport disqualification, and the wait for screening results.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many athletes expressed uncertainty about PPS procedures and desired clearer guidance on what to expect and how results might impact their participation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Athletes highlighted themes of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">preparation uncertainty<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">trust in medical evaluation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">post-screening relief<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Some athletes felt underprepared for the process, while others felt reassured of their cardiovascular health following screening.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>How does this change what clinicians do?<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The findings suggest that while PPS does not cause significant distress for most athletes, key areas for improvement include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Improved communication:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Provide athletes with clear and accessible information about the PPS process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Timing and planning:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Conduct screenings earlier in the season to reduce stress associated with last-minute assessments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Integrated support:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Offer mental health resources and follow-ups, especially to athletes flagged for further testing.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By implementing these suggestions, clinicians can ensure that PPS is a reassuring, minimally distressing, and beneficial experience for athletes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>What\u2019s next?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Long-term psychological impact: <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future research should explore the long-term psychological effects of PPS, especially for athletes flagged for additional testing or those with a cardiovascular condition uncovered during screening.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Mental health integration:<\/i><\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To enhance screening effectiveness, organizations should integrate standardized educational materials, and mental health supports into their screening protocols. This will ensure athletes understand the purpose and process of PPS, while providing clear follow-up pathways for athletes requiring further evaluation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<h4>Key Takeaway<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cardiovascular PPS can be\u00a0uncomplicated\u00a0and\u00a0minimally distressing to athletes when communication, support, and education are prioritized.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11612\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"766\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-768x213.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-1536x426.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-640x178.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage.jpg 1676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 766px) 100vw, 766px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors: Nima Vasigh, Queen\u2019s University, Department of Medicine, Nicholas Grubic, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health Why does this matter? Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of death among young athletes, making early detection a priority for sports medicine. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening (PPS) is widely used to identify [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2025\/05\/30\/from-anxiety-to-assurance-rethinking-cardiovascular-pre-participation-screening-for-athletes\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":464,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[16068,16401],"class_list":["post-11611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-featured","tag-prescreening"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Authors: Nima Vasigh, Queen\u2019s University, Department of Medicine, Nicholas Grubic, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health Why does this matter? Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of death among young athletes, making early detection a priority for sports medicine. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening (PPS) is widely used to identify [...]Read More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-30T05:00:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"bjsm\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"bjsm\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"bjsm\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e5c423b95aa02d621ac95e263c08e07f\"},\"headline\":\"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-30T05:00:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611\"},\"wordCount\":593,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"featured\",\"prescreening\"],\"articleSection\":[\"General\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611\",\"name\":\"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-30T05:00:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/BJSMblogimage.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/BJSMblogimage.jpg\",\"width\":1676,\"height\":465},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?p=11611#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/\",\"name\":\"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/blog-logo-bjsm.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/files\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/blog-logo-bjsm.png\",\"width\":222,\"height\":34,\"caption\":\"BJSM blog -  social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e5c423b95aa02d621ac95e263c08e07f\",\"name\":\"bjsm\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0032367471e5ee33e4efbe4567cbfe76056393a0e5f81bd8d576f8b5a2b90644?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0032367471e5ee33e4efbe4567cbfe76056393a0e5f81bd8d576f8b5a2b90644?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0032367471e5ee33e4efbe4567cbfe76056393a0e5f81bd8d576f8b5a2b90644?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"bjsm\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.bmj.com\\\/bjsm\\\/author\\\/chloewilliamson\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","og_description":"Authors: Nima Vasigh, Queen\u2019s University, Department of Medicine, Nicholas Grubic, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health Why does this matter? Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of death among young athletes, making early detection a priority for sports medicine. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening (PPS) is widely used to identify [...]Read More...","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611","og_site_name":"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","article_published_time":"2025-05-30T05:00:10+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"bjsm","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"bjsm","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611"},"author":{"name":"bjsm","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#\/schema\/person\/e5c423b95aa02d621ac95e263c08e07f"},"headline":"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes","datePublished":"2025-05-30T05:00:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611"},"wordCount":593,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg","keywords":["featured","prescreening"],"articleSection":["General"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611","name":"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage-300x83.jpg","datePublished":"2025-05-30T05:00:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2025\/05\/BJSMblogimage.jpg","width":1676,"height":465},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11611#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"From Anxiety to Assurance: Rethinking Cardiovascular Pre-Participation Screening for Athletes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/","name":"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#organization","name":"BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2017\/11\/blog-logo-bjsm.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2017\/11\/blog-logo-bjsm.png","width":222,"height":34,"caption":"BJSM blog -  social media&#039;s leading SEM voice"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/#\/schema\/person\/e5c423b95aa02d621ac95e263c08e07f","name":"bjsm","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0032367471e5ee33e4efbe4567cbfe76056393a0e5f81bd8d576f8b5a2b90644?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0032367471e5ee33e4efbe4567cbfe76056393a0e5f81bd8d576f8b5a2b90644?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0032367471e5ee33e4efbe4567cbfe76056393a0e5f81bd8d576f8b5a2b90644?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"bjsm"},"url":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/author\/chloewilliamson\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/464"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11611\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}